Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Dec 1;44(12):e434-e436.
doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004907. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

Respiratory Microbial Codetection and Clinical Profiles of Infants Living With HIV Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia in Malawi

Lughano Ghambi-Zulu  1   2 , James Nyirenda  1 , Chimwemwe Chawinga  3 , Rufaro Mtolongo  4 , Emmie Mbale  5   6 , Franklin N Egbe  7 , John Tembo  8 , Alfredo Tagarro  2   9   10 , Cinta Moraleda  2 , Tisungane Mvalo  3   11 , Pui-Ying Iroh Tam  1   2   11   12
Affiliations

Respiratory Microbial Codetection and Clinical Profiles of Infants Living With HIV Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia in Malawi

Lughano Ghambi-Zulu et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J. .

Abstract

Among the Malawian infants living with HIV and hospitalized with severe pneumonia, bacteria (87%), viruses (85%) and fungi (40%) were detected in the respiratory tract. All infants had polymicrobial codetection, and differences in respiratory microbial codetection groups were significantly associated with age and HIV viral load.

Keywords: HIV-infected infants; microbes; pneumonia.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

    1. Graham SM, Mankhambo L, Phiri A, et al. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the etiology and outcome of severe pneumonia in malawian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:33–38.
    1. Theodoratou E, Mcallister DA, Reed C, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia burden in HIV-infected children in 2010: a meta-analysis and modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:1250–1258.
    1. McNally LM, Jeena PM, Gajee K, et al. Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study. Lancet. 2007;369:1440–1451.
    1. Rojo P, Moraleda C, Tagarro A, et al. Empirical treatment against cytomegalovirus and tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants with severe pneumonia: study protocol for a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials. 2022;23:1–36.
    1. O’Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, et al. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study. Lancet. 2019;394:757–779.

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources