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Review
. 2025 May 26;13(6):1298.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13061298.

Molecular Biomarkers of Glioma

Punsasi Rajakaruna  1 , Stella Rios  1 , Hana Elnahas  1 , Ashley Villanueva  1 , David Uribe  1 , Sophia Leslie  1 , Walaa A Abbas  1 , Larissa Barroso  1 , Stephanie Oyervides  1 , Michael Persans  1 , Wendy Innis-Whitehouse  2 , Megan Keniry  1
Affiliations
Review

Molecular Biomarkers of Glioma

Punsasi Rajakaruna et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

In this review, we discuss how mutations in glioma are associated with prognosis and treatment efficacy. A fascinating characteristic of glioma and all cancers is that while common growth and developmental pathways are altered, the characteristic mutations are distinct depending on the specific type of tumor with concomitant prognoses. Next-generation sequencing, precision medicine, and artificial intelligence are boosting the employment of molecular biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the biological underpinnings of distinct mutations on critical signaling pathways is crucial for developing novel therapies for glioma.

Keywords: IDH; astrocytoma; glioblastoma; glioma; oligodendroglioma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Krebs cycle mutations in glioma. IDH1/IDH2 mutants convert α-Ketoglutarate to 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Loss-of-function mutations in Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) and Fumarate Hydratase (FH) lead to the accumulation of succinate and fumarate, which inhibit JMJD demethylases to contribute to glioma oncogenesis [8,9].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Glioma characteristics associated with IDH-mutation status. A flow chart highlights mutations observed in IDH-mutant and wildtype gliomas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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