[Ten questions about patent foramen ovale]

Abstract

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal communication between the right and left atrium that persists after birth. It is a common finding, occurring in 20-25% of the population, although its prevalence decreases with age. In most cases, PFO remains asymptomatic throughout life. However, it has been linked to conditions such as cryptogenic stroke, migraine with aura, decompression illness, and systemic arterial embolism. The evidence supporting PFO closure for these conditions primarily comes from non-randomized cohort studies, which often yielded conflicting results. This focused review aims to address the most common questions regarding the diagnosis, management, and treatment of PFO based on the latest available guidelines.