Effectiveness of clopidogrel vs. ticagrelor based on the ABCD-GENE score in acute coronary syndrome patients following percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Aim: This study employs the ABCD-GENE score (age, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and CYP2C19 variants) to compare the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel versus ticagrelor-based DAPT in ACS patients post-PCI.

Methods: A total of consecutive 21,705 ACS patients who underwent PCI between March 2016 and March 2023 and survived at discharge were included. The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic and bleeding events within 12 months, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and BARC types 3 or 5 bleeding. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baseline characteristics between clopidogrel and ticagrelor-based DAPT.

Results: In the ABCD-GENE score <10 group, (4,748 matched pairs), ticagrelor increased BARC 3 or 5 bleeding (1.9% vs. 1.1%; HR: 1.52; 95% CI, 1.18-1.96; P = 0.0018), with no difference in the primary outcome (3.0% vs 3.5%; HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.94-1.46; P = 0.17) or ischemic events (2.0% vs 1.6%; HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.60-1.10; P = 0.19), compared with clopidogrel. In the ABCD-GENE score ≥10 group (1,231 matched pairs), ticagrelor significantly reduced the primary outcome (4.1% vs 6.0%; HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.96; P = 0.0272), driven by reduced rates of ischemic events (2.2% vs 4.5%; HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.85; P = 0.0015), without an increase in BARC 3 or 5 bleeding (1.9% vs. 1.7%; HR: 1.08; 95% CI, 0.60-1.96; P = 0.79), compared with clopidogrel.

Conclusion: The ABCD-GENE score showed good predictive accuracy for a composite of ischemic and bleeding events and could identify patients likely to benefit from the ticagrelor-based antiplatelet strategy.

Keywords: ABCD-GENE score; CYP2C19 polymorphism; clopidogrel; percutaneous coronary intervention; ticagrelor.

FIGURE 1

The 12-month Kaplan–Meier cumulative event curves for clinical outcomes based on P2Y12 treatment and ABCD-GENE score after propensity score matching. Curved depict the incidence of the primary outcome (a, b), all-cause death (c, d), and BARC types 3 or 5 bleeding (e, f). Curves are provided both ABCD-GENE score <10 (a, c, e) and ABCD-GENE score ≥10 (b, d, f). The primary outcome was defined as the composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and/or BARC types 3 or 5 bleeding events. BARC, bleeding academic research consortium.