Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in Pregnant Women in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: There are limited epidemiological data on metabolic syndrome (MetS) during gestation in many developing nations. Available information on MetS prevalence in pregnancy is of clinical importance as it could aid in identifying pregnant women at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MetS, and its associated risk factors in pregnant women in Auchi, Edo Stage, Nigeria.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 223 pregnant women aged 17-45 years recruited from selected hospitals in Auchi and its environs. Information on socio-demography and nutritional habits were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were determined using appropriate methods for height, weight and BMI. Blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were determined from the serum of the study participants using enzymatic assay. The prevalence of MetS was determined using the HNLBI/AHA and NECP ATP III definitions, modified for pregnant women.

Results: The findings revealed the following prevalences: MetS 10.8%, low HDL 35.7%, obesity 14.4%, high blood pressure 4.5%, hyperglycaemia 21.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 11.8%. There was no significant association between social-demographic and life style parameters with MetS.

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of vigilant monitoring of pregnant women to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Components of metabolic syndrome; High-density lipoprotein; Metabolic syndrome; Pregnancy; Total cholesterol; Triglycerides.

Figure 1

Metabolic profile of study participants, showing mean ± standard deviation (SD) of various components