Clinical management of the Impella 5.5 pump

Abstract

The Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, USA) is a catheter-based micro-axial flow pump that has emerged as a vital tool in managing patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Delivering up to 5.5 L/min of flow, it enables full left ventricular (LV) support with beneficial hemodynamic and metabolic effects. Its unique advantages include high-flow, antegrade circulatory support with the potential for prolonged usage, making it suitable for bridging to recovery or heart replacement therapies. This manuscript provides a comprehensive, structured guide for the clinical management of patients supported with the Impella 5.5. It outlines best practices for patient selection, surgical implantation techniques-most commonly via the axillary artery-perioperative management, anticoagulation strategies, and postoperative monitoring. Special emphasis is placed on complication management, including bleeding, hemolysis, right ventricular dysfunction, stroke, aortic valve injury, and vascular complications. Technologies like SmartAssist and Impella Connect are highlighted for their utility in real-time device monitoring and remote management. The manuscript also discusses a three-phase framework for recovery: hemodynamic stabilization, initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), and structured weaning protocols. Considerations for transitioning patients to heart transplantation or durable LVADs, as well as explant techniques, are detailed. The importance of multidisciplinary coordination-including a mechanical circulatory support (MCS) coordinator-is emphasized to ensure optimal patient outcomes. By synthesizing available evidence and institutional experience, this guide aims to standardize Impella 5.5 management, reduce complications, and improve outcomes in critically ill patients with advanced heart failure or CS.

Keywords: Cardiogenic shock; Heart failure; ICU; Impella; Temporary MCS.