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. 2025 Sep;41(9):1113-1119.
doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.06.020. Epub 2025 Jun 25.

Fatigue survival rate of resin-bonded zirconia-based ceramics after different surface treatments

Viviane Cantelli  1 , Ulysses Lenz  1 , Jason Alan Griggs  2 , Alvaro Della Bona  3
Affiliations

Fatigue survival rate of resin-bonded zirconia-based ceramics after different surface treatments

Viviane Cantelli et al. Dent Mater. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the fatigue survival rate of zirconia-based ceramics (3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ) bonded to resin-based cement after various surface treatments, testing the hypotheses that the surface treatments do not affect the fatigue survival rate and that 3Y-TZP has higher fatigue survival than 5Y-PSZ when bonded to a resin-based cement.

Methods: Disc-shaped specimens were made from 3Y-TZP (Vita YZ HT) and 5Y-PSZ (Vita YZ XT) monolithic zirconia blocks. The specimens were randomly assigned to six groups according to material and surface treatment: as milled (3Y-None and 5Y-None), silica coating (3Y-Si and 5Y-Si), and airborne-particle abrasion using alumina particles (3Y-AP and 5Y-AP). All zirconia structures were bonded to a fiber-reinforced epoxy resin base (G10). Fatigue test was performed under a 120 N load at a frequency of 3 Hz, and it was discontinued for failure assessment after 104, 105, 5 × 105, 106, and 1.5 × 106 cycles. Presence of any failure was recorded. Representative samples were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition was assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Fatigue data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier (log-rank) and Holm-Sidak methods. Failure modes were determined using fractography principles and statistically assessed using chi-square test.

Results: Surface treatments showed significantly different survival curves (p < 0.001) for 5Y-PSZ, but no difference for 3Y-TZP (p = 0.54). Silica coating resulted in a significant difference behavior (p < 0.001) between 3Y and 5Y ceramics. Yet, AP (p = 0.70) and None (p = 0.38) did not influence the survival rates for both ceramics. No significant difference in failure modes was observed among experimental groups (p = 0.30).

Significance: The fatigue survival rate of resin bonded 5Y-PSZ was negatively affected by silica coating.

Keywords: Dental materials; Dentistry; Fatigue; Translucent zirconia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Alvaro Della Bona reports financial support was provided by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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