Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 May 28;16(6):637.
doi: 10.3390/mi16060637.

The Preparation of a GO/ZnO/nHAp Composite Coating and the Study of Its Performance Optimization for Pure Titanium Implants

Jiang Wu  1 , Yu Zuo  1 , Zhaoxi Xu  1 , Lang Wang  1 , Jiaju Zou  1 , Zijian Jia  1 , Chunmei Wang  1 , Guoliang Zhang  1
Affiliations

The Preparation of a GO/ZnO/nHAp Composite Coating and the Study of Its Performance Optimization for Pure Titanium Implants

Jiang Wu et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, a graphene oxide (GO)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite coating was constructed on a pure titanium surface by microarc oxidation (MAO) pretreatment combined with hydrothermal technology (HT), thereby making it possible to explore the performance optimization of this coating for Ti-based implants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ramam spectroscopy (Ramam), etc., confirmed that the GO/ZnO/nHAp composites were successfully loaded onto the pure Ti surfaces. Through nanoindentation, differential thermal analysis (DiamondTG/DTA), and dynamic polarization potential detection, the GO/ZnO/nHAp composite coating imparts excellent nanohardness (2.7 + 1.0 GPa), elastic modulus (53.5 + 1.0 GPa), thermal stability, and corrosion resistance to pure Ti implants; hemolysis rate analysis, CCK-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, alizarin red staining, and other experiments further show that the coating improves the hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and bone guidance of the Ti implant surface. Studies have shown that GO/ZnO/nHAp composite coatings can effectively optimize the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and bone guidance of pure Ti implants, so that they can obtain an elastic modulus that matches human bone.

Keywords: GO/ZnO/nHAp composite coating; bone guidance; corrosion resistance; hydrothermal technology; microarc oxidation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM observes the surface morphology of each group of coatings.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The content of surface elements in each group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three-dimensional morphology and surface roughness of each group by atomic force microscope.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FTIR spectra of composite coatings.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XRD spectra of composite coatings.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Raman diagram of composite coating.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Test of water contact angles of sample surfaces of each group of composite coatings; ** p < 0.01 vs. MAO group.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Composite coating TG diagram.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Composite coating DSC diagram.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Coating adhesion strength.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Nanoindentation Test on Surfaces of Samples in Each Group of Composite Coatings.
Figure 12
Figure 12
SEM images of in vitro mineralization of composite coating samples from different groups.
Figure 13
Figure 13
EDS images of in vitro mineralization of composite coating samples from each group.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Tafel curves of each group of samples after soaking in SBF for 10 min.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Tafel curves of each group of samples after soaking in SBF for 4 days.
Figure 16
Figure 16
CCK-8 of composite coatings; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Cell absorbance of composite coatings; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 18
Figure 18
ALP of composite coatings; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Microscopic images of the composite coatings’ ARS chromosomes.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Bar chart of quantitative analysis of composite coatings’ ARS staining; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Effect of mixing after centrifugation.
Figure 22
Figure 22
Hemolysis rate bar chart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Barão V.A.R., Costa R.C., Shibli J.A., Bertolini M., Souza J.G.S. Emerging titanium surface modifications: The war against polymicrobial infections on dental implants. Braz. Dent. J. 2022;33:1–12. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440202204860. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roy M., Loutan L., Garavaglia G., Hashim D. Removal of osseointegrated dental implants: A systematic review of explantation techniques. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020;24:47–60. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03127-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liu X., Chen S., Tsoi J.K., Matinlinna J.P. Binary titanium alloys as dental implant materials-a review. Regen. Biomater. 2017;4:315–323. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbx027. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhang Y.M., Chai F., Hornez J.-C., Li C.L., Zhao Y.M., Traisnel M., Hildebrand H.F. The corrosion and biological behaviour of titanium alloys in the presence of human lymphoid cells and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Biomed. Mater. 2009;4:015004. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015004. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nair A.S., Viannie L.R. Piezoelectric barium titanate/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition. Heliyon. 2024;10:e39102. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39102. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources