Effect of Tytanit and Stymjod on Phleum pratense L. Photosynthetic Activity and the Content of Chlorophyll Pigments

Abstract

The use of Stymjod and Tytanit supports natural resistance mechanisms and improves the condition of Phleum pratense, which is in line with sustainable agriculture and integrated production. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of Stymjod and Tytanit and of the number of their sprays per growth cycle on chlorophyll fluorescence and the content of chlorophyll pigments in Phleum pratense L. leaf blades. The following research factors were used: Factor I-treatment: Control; Tytanit-0.04%; Stymjod-2.5%. Factor II-number of sprays: L1-plants sprayed one time; L2-plants sprayed two times. The use of the Tytanit regulator in the cultivation of Phleum pratense L. contributed to an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., qN and qP. In addition, an increase in chlorophyll a and b content was noted. The application of the Stymjod stimulator increased ΔF/Fm'. For the vast majority of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, higher values were noted when plants were sprayed two times per growth cycle, i.e., Fv/Fm, ΔF/Fm', qN, chlorophyll pigments.

Keywords: chlorophyll a fluorescence; growth biostimulant; growth regulator.

Figure 1

The maximum photosystem efficiency: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 2

The effective efficiency of the photosystem: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 3

Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 4

Photochemical fluorescence quenching: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 5

Chlorophyll a content: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 6

Chlorophyll b content: (a) Averages for preparations and number of applications; (b) Double interaction between preparation and number of applications. The means in columns marked with the same uppercase letters do not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: C—control object; Ti—object with Tytanit; Si—object with Stymjod; L1—one application of preparation; L2—two applications of preparation.

Figure 7

Summary of the most relevant results for comparison between treatments. Abbreviations: qP—photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient; qN—non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient; ΔF/Fm’—effective efficiency of PSII; Fv/Fm—maximum photosystem efficiency; “>”—value increased relative to the control object; “<”—value decreased relative to the control object; Mean for —percentage difference in value between one and two biostimulator applications; Mean for Tytanit—percentage difference in value between the control object and the objects with the Titanit application; Mean for Stymjod—percentage difference in value between the control object and the objects with the Stymjod application.