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Case Reports
. 2025 Jun;30(25):2500402.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.25.2500402.

Molecular detection and isolation of clade Ib monkeypox virus, Canada, November 2024

Mable Chan  1 , Jonathan Audet  1 , Jérémie Prévost  1 , Karla Soriano  1 , Kaylie Doan  1 , Lauren Garnett  1 , Yvon Deschambault  1 , Sarah Medina  1 , Marianne Stefopulos  1 , Julia Paul  1 , Santina Lee  2 , Carol Kurbis  2 , Bunmi Fatoye  2 , Ana T Duggan  1 , Katherine Eaton  1 , Connor Chato  1 , Darian Hole  1 , Amber Papineau  1 , Kerry Dust  3 , Paul Van Caeseele  3 , Yonette R Hercules  4 , Shannon Gearhart  4 , John Embil  5 , Andrew Walkty  5 , Donna Romaniuk  3 , David Safronetz  1   5 , James E Strong  1   5
Affiliations
Case Reports

Molecular detection and isolation of clade Ib monkeypox virus, Canada, November 2024

Mable Chan et al. Euro Surveill. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

In November 2024, a case of clade Ib mpox was confirmed in Canada. Here, we describe the events that led to laboratory confirmation of clade Ib monkeypox virus (MPXV) and the public health response. Genomic analysis of the Canadian clade Ib MPXV revealed a number of APOBEC3-related mutations suggesting sustained human-to-human transmission. These findings expand the number of countries with travel-related clade Ib mpox and highlights the continued need for mpox monitoring of potential human adaptations or new transmission patterns.

Keywords: Canada; MPXV; Monkeypox virus; clade Ib; mpox.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Events surrounding a case of clade Ib mpox in Canada, 2024. Countries visited, symptom onset, air travel dates, sample collection, testing dates and contact tracing are included.
Figure 1
Timeline of events around a case of clade Ib mpox and contacts, Canada, 2024 (n = 52)
Molecular and serological testing results for a monkeypox virus clade Ib case, Canada, 2024. Panel A shows the quantitative PCR, virus isolation, and next generation sequencing results for the case. Panel B shows the serology response in the patient and household contacts at different timepoints.
Figure 2
Quantitative PCR and serology results for an MPXV clade Ib case, Canada, 2024
Three clinical specimens from a Canadian clade Ib mpox case were sequenced and aligned with other clade Ib viruses. The Canadian MPXV clade Ib sequences were analysed for APOBEC3 mutations and the presence or absence of antiviral resistance mutations.
Figure 3
Genomic analysis of the Canadian MPXV clade Ib clinical specimens, Canada, 2024 (n = 3)
An isolate of Canadian MPXV clade Ib (NML-6350 P2) was tested for tecovirimat susceptibility. The half maximal inhibitory concentration and 90% maximal inhibitory concentration are shown.
Figure 4
Tecovirimat sensitivity of Canadian MPXV clade Ib, Canada, 2024 (n = 1)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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