Analysing fast food consumption behaviour patterns: The case of Jordan

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the factors influencing fast food consumption among a Jordanian population by utilizing the extended theory of planned behavior as its theoretical framework. The research employed theory-related scales, income, BMI, ability to consume (intention), indirect intention, and a retrospective measure of fast-food consumption within a cross-sectional sample of 408 university students aged 18-23 years. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the determinants of consumption. The findings indicated that the self-reported intention measure failed to mediate the attitude-behavior relationship. However, the use of projective intention (indirect) measures revealed that personal factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and self-identification significantly explained over 50% of the variation in the intention to consume fast food, suggesting that participants often underestimated their intention to consume fast food. Furthermore, the study identified available personal funds, perceived and actual behavioral control, and BMI as significant external predictors of fast-food consumption. The originality of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the growing preference for fast food in the Middle East, particularly in Jordan. It introduces a theoretical model that employs projection-based assessments to implicitly gauge intentions and explores the relationship between income, BMI, and consumption behavior. The practical implications of these findings underscore the importance of key psychosocial elements in developing and implementing preventive strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating behaviors among university students.

Fig 1. Conceptual framework of the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) used in the study.

Fig 2. Path analysis of the classical TPB model, adapted from [18].

Fig 3. Path analysis of the extended TPB model predicting fast-food consumption behavior.

Fig 4. Path analysis of the extended TPB model using projective (indirect) intention to predict fast-food consumption behavior.

The diagram presents standardized beta coefficients for direct paths. Double-headed arrows indicate correlations among PBC, ABC, income, and BMI. All relationships depicted are statistically significant.