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. 2025 Jun 27;22(1):119.
doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-02060-8.

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a psychosocial intervention to improve mental health in pregnant adolescents: a mixed-methods protocol

Setareh Yousefi  1 , Simin Montazeri  2 , Nahid Javadifar  3 , Saeed Ghanbari  4
Affiliations

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a psychosocial intervention to improve mental health in pregnant adolescents: a mixed-methods protocol

Setareh Yousefi et al. Reprod Health. .

Abstract

Background: Adolescent pregnancy remains a critical global health issue, with the World Health Organization reporting a prevalence of 10.3%. Pregnant adolescents aged 10 to 19 face elevated risks of mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Despite these vulnerabilities, there is a notable lack of effective psychosocial interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to develop and evaluate a culturally tailored psychosocial support intervention to improve mental health outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Iran.

Methods: This mixed-methods study comprises three sequential phases. First, a qualitative study will explore the experiences and perceptions of pregnant adolescents regarding psychosocial support. Second, insights from the qualitative phase will inform the development of a targeted intervention, guided by expert consensus using the Nominal Group Technique. Third, a quantitative phase will assess the intervention's effectiveness through a randomized controlled trial involving 84 pregnant adolescents. Key outcomes will include levels of social support, anxiety, depression, and stress, measured using validated instruments. Data collection will involve semi-structured interviews, expert panels, and pre- and post-intervention assessments.

Discussion: The study is expected to advance understanding of the psychosocial needs of pregnant adolescents and provide evidence for culturally sensitive interventions. The findings aim to inform clinical practice and health policy, contributing to improved mental health and overall well-being among this high-risk population.

Trial registration: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (IR.AJUMS.REC.1402.140) and registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on June 26, 2023 (IRCT20190129042544N1).

Keywords: Mental health; Mixed-methods; Pregnancy in adolescence; Psychosocial interventions; Teenage pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science (IR.AJUMS.REC.1402.140). The study will conduct in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, the study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry for Randomized Controlled Trials 2023-06-26 (IRCT20190129042544N1). We will ask for permission from all the participants before including them in the study. We will draft a comprehensive consent form for all research participants. The form will contain a clear and concise explanation of the research, and participants will be required to read, complete, and sign the form. In addition to obtaining permission to record interviews, measures will be implemented to ensure the confidentiality of all information and the anonymity of individuals involved in the study and its findings. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mixed-methods design
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Study diagram
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