The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: discoveries and directions

Arpana Agrawal¹, Cynthia M Bulik², Dawit Shawel Abebe³, Ole A Andreassen⁴, Elizabeth G Atkinson⁵, Karmel W Choi⁶, Aiden Corvin⁷, Helena L Davies⁸, Lea K Davis⁹, Anna R Docherty¹⁰, Howard J Edenberg¹¹, Barbara Franke¹², Joel Gelernter¹³, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez¹⁴, John M Hettema¹⁵, Jens Hjerling-Leffler¹⁶, Hailiang Huang¹⁷, Emma C Johnson¹⁸, Cathryn M Lewis¹⁹, Yi Lu²⁰, Mary-Ellen Lynall²¹, Joanna Martin²², Andrew M McIntosh²³, Janitza L Montalvo-Ortiz²⁴, Niamh Mullins²⁵, Caroline M Nievergelt²⁶, Kevin S O'Connell²⁷, Michael C O'Donovan²⁸, Adeniran Okewole²⁹, Roseann E Peterson³⁰, Danielle Posthuma³¹, Jonathan Sebat³², Jordan W Smoller³³, Reeteka Sud³⁴, Biju Viswanath³⁴, James T R Walters³⁵, Hyejung Won³⁶, Naomi R Wray³⁷, Patrick F Sullivan³⁸; Coordinating Committee of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: arpana@wustl.edu.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Research Center for Substance Use Disorders and Mental Illness, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.
⁴ Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁵ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
⁸ Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
⁹ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
¹¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
¹² Departments of Medical Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁷ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁹ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
²⁰ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
²² Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
²³ Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
²⁵ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
²⁶ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
²⁷ Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²⁸ Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
²⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
³⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA.
³¹ Faculty of Science, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
³² Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
³³ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³⁴ Center for Brain and Mind, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India.
³⁵ Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
³⁶ Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
³⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID: 40582370
PMCID: PMC12332855 (available on 2026-06-26)
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00124-5

Review

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: discoveries and directions

Arpana Agrawal et al. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025 Aug.

. 2025 Aug;12(8):600-610.

doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00124-5. Epub 2025 Jun 26.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: arpana@wustl.edu.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Research Center for Substance Use Disorders and Mental Illness, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.
⁴ Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁵ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
⁸ Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
⁹ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
¹¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
¹² Departments of Medical Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁷ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁹ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
²⁰ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
²² Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
²³ Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
²⁵ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
²⁶ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
²⁷ Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²⁸ Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
²⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Clinical Services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
³⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA.
³¹ Faculty of Science, Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
³² Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
³³ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³⁴ Center for Brain and Mind, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India.
³⁵ Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
³⁶ Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
³⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID: 40582370
PMCID: PMC12332855 (available on 2026-06-26)
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00124-5

Erratum in

Correction to Lancet Psychiatry 2025; published online June 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00124-5.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Lancet Psychiatry. 2025 Aug;12(8):e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00213-5. Epub 2025 Jul 1. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025. PMID: 40614753 No abstract available.

Abstract

Research by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has advanced the discovery of common and rare genetic variations that contribute to the susceptibility to many psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions. This Review reflects on major findings from the past 5 years of research by the PGC in five priority areas: discovery of common variants using genome-wide association studies; rare variation and its interplay with polygenic risk; using genetics to go beyond diagnostic boundaries; ascribing functional attributes to genomic discoveries; and developing and implementing processes for data sharing, outreach to various communities, and training. The insights gained in these domains frame the agenda for the next phase of PGC research. In addition to accelerating integrative findings of common and rare variants within, and across, multiple psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions, the next phase will use multiple populations to elucidate genetic causes, integrate results with rapidly accumulating multimodal functional genomics data to gain mechanistic understanding, convert genetic findings to clinically actionable phenotypes, such as treatment response, and address the emerging use of polygenic scores. Together, these next steps will highlight the biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions, which continue to contribute to global morbidity and mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests CMB is a royalty recipient from Pearson Education and is supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH; R01MH136149, R01MH134039, R56MH129437, R01MH120170, R01MH124871, and R01MH124871). OAA is a consultant to Cortechs.ai and Precision Health; has received speaker's honoraria from Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka; has a patent for Intranasal Administration (US20160310683 A1); and is the National Principal Investigator for clinical trials: esketamine treatment in depression (Janssen Pharmaceuticals), MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD (MAPS), and Connex trial for cognition in schizophrenia (Boehringer Ingelheim). KWC is a consultant to Sword Health and is an unpaid board member of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. HLD reports funding from Novo Nordisk Foundation. LKD reports honoraria from the University of North Carolina, University of Texas, and University of Pennsylvania BF has received educational speaker fees and travel support from Medice. M-EL receives royalties from Cambridge University Press. MCO'D reports a research grant from Akrivia Health and has received a research grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals within the past 3 years. JWS is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Sensorium Therapeutics (with stock options) and has received grant support from Biogen. JTRW consults, and has a research grant from, Akrivia Health and has received a research grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals within the past 3 years. PFS is a consultant and shareholder of Neumora Therapeutics (past 3 years). OAA reports funding from the Research Council of Norway (324252 and 324499), EU Horizon Research and Innovation Action Grants (964874), Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen, NIMH (51R01MH124839), South-East Norway Health Authority (2023-031), Nordforsk (164218), and Nasjonalforeningen. ARD reports funding from NIMH (R01MH123619 and R01MH132733). PG-R reports funding from NIMH (U01MH125062 and R01MH125236) and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. JMH reports funding from NIMH (5R01MH124847). JG reports funding from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA;R01DA058862). JH-L reports funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2023–0288), Swedish Research Council (2024-03567 and 2022-00445), and Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2024-0144-HK-49). ECJ is supported by funding from NIDA (K01DA051759). CML reports funding from NIMH (R01MH124871) and the Wellcome Trust (226770/Z/22/Z). AMM reports funding from the Wellcome Trust (226770/Z/22/Z, 223165/Z/21/Z, and 220857/Z/20/Z) and UK Research and Innovation (MR/Z000548/1, MR/Z50354X/1, MR/Z503563/1, and MR/W014386/1). JLM-O reports funding from NIDA (1DP1DA058737), the US Department of Veterans Affairs (IK2 CX002095), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1OT2OD037644-01). NM reports funding from NIMH (R01MH124839 and R01MH132733). KSO'C reports funding from NIMH (5R01MH124839-02) and the Research Council of Norway (334920). REP reports funding from NIH and NIMH (R01MH125938), and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (28632; P&S Fund). HW reports funding from NIMH (R01MH122509) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI; UM1HG012003). JS is funded by a grant from NIMH (MH119746). RS is funded by the Centre for Brain and Mind grant of the Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies. BV is funded by the DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Intermediate Clinical Fellowship (IA/CPHI/20/1/505266). CMN reports funding from NIMH (R01MH106595). EGA is supported by NIH and NHGRI (R01HG012869). The PGC is funded by NIH (MH124871, MH124851, MH124839, MH124847, MH124873, MH124875, and DA054869). All other authors declare no competing interests.

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The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: discoveries and directions

Affiliations

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: discoveries and directions

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous