doi: 10.5534/wjmh.250039.
Online ahead of print.
The Global State of Contemporary Andrology Practice: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Practice, Training Pathways, and Emerging Challenges
Rupin Shah
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, Taymour Mostafa
2
3
, Manaf Al Hashimi
2
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, Germar-Michael Pinggera
2
6
, Wael Zohdy
2
3
, Bahadır Şahin
2
7
, Hiva Alipour
2
8
, Ayad Faeq Palani
2
9
, Mohamed Arafa
2
3
10
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, Eric Chung
2
12
, Ayman Rashed
2
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, Edmund Ko
2
14
, Baris Altay
2
15
, Amarnath Rambhatla
2
16
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, Tuncay Toprak
2
18
, Hussein Kandil
2
19
, Edoardo Pescatori
2
20
, Ahmed El-Sakka
2
21
, Haitham Ali Elbardisi
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10
11
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, Juan Manuel Corral Molina
2
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, Marco Falcone
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, Edouard Harry Amar
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, Taiwo Crossby Omotoriogun
2
28
, Selcuk Sarikaya
2
29
, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc
2
30
, Mounir Jamali
2
31
, Oğuzhan Kahraman
2
32
, Ahmet Cihan
2
33
, Sava Micic
2
34
, Muslim Dogan Deger
2
35
, Muhammad Ujudud Musa
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36
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, Gökhan Çeker
2
38
, Umut Cagin Ari
2
39
, Cevahir Ozer
2
40
, Huda Mossa Omran
2
41
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, Saleh Binsaleh
2
43
, Rossella Cannarella
2
44
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, Mohamad Ahmad Moussa
2
46
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, Iman Shamohammadi
2
48
, Andrian Japari
2
49
, Francesco Gaggia
2
50
, Aria Danurdoro
2
51
, Nasser Mogharabian
2
52
, Mohamed Elmahdy Toiema
2
53
, Hisanori Taniguchi
2
54
, Missy Savira
2
55
, Christopher Chee Kong Ho
2
56
, Keerti Singh
2
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, Manh Truong Nguyen
2
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60
, Parviz K Kavoussi
2
61
, Shingai Bertrand Angelo Mutambirwa
2
62
, Ishan Merchant
2
63
, Dharani Moorthy
2
64
, Vijay Kumar
2
65
, Arif Kalkanli
2
66
, Faiza Rao
2
67
, Fatih Gokalp
2
68
, Nicolas Garrido
2
69
, Charalampos Konstantinidis
2
70
, David Pening
2
71
, Sedigheh Bahmyari
2
72
, Parisa Dolati
2
73
, Aldo E Calogero
2
44
, Ramadan Saleh
2
74
75
, Birute Zilaitiene
2
76
, Giorgio Ivan Russo
2
77
, Nadia Kazdar
2
78
, Ricky Adriansjah
2
79
, Gianmaria Salvio
2
80
, Giancarlo Balercia
2
80
, Catalina Zenoaga-Barbarosie
2
81
, Balantine Ugochukwu Eze
2
82
, Widi Atmoko
2
55
, Deniz Kulaksiz
2
83
, Amina Benabbou
2
84
, Siu King Mak
2
85
, Luca Boeri
2
86
, Sang Thanh Le
2
87
, Ajay Kumar Jain
2
88
89
, Amr El Meliegy
2
3
, Kadir Böcü
2
90
, Nur Dokuzeylül Güngör
2
91
92
, Gokhan Calik
2
93
, Konstantinos Makarounis
2
94
, Mesut Berkan Duran
2
95
, Hisham Ahmed Arab
2
96
, Luigi Montano
2
97
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, Gulfam Ahmad
2
99
100
, Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
2
101
, Hyun Jun Park
2
102
103
, Eko Arianto
2
104
105
, Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
2
106
, Andrea Crafa
2
44
, Tahsin Turunc
2
107
, Fotios Dimitriadis
2
108
, Umut Arslan
2
18
, Sk Mizanur Rahman
2
109
110
, Andri Rezano
2
111
112
, Ryan Patrick Smith
2
113
, Erman Ceyhan
2
114
, Naveen Kumar
2
115
, Dyandra Parikesit
2
116
, Mehmet Serkan Özkent
2
117
, Rosadi Putra
2
118
119
, Haocheng Lin
2
120
121
, Osvaldo Rajmil
2
122
123
, Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash
2
124
, Tan V Le
2
30
125
, Satish Pundlik Dipankar
2
126
, Charalampos Thomas
2
127
, Carlo Giulioni
2
128
, Danh Cong Nguyen
2
129
, Vinod K V
2
130
, Zaid Qureshi
2
131
, Filippo Giacone
2
132
, Ashish Reddy
2
133
, Sujoy Dasgupta
2
134
, Divyanu Jain
2
135
136
, Ciro Salzano
2
137
, Federica Finocchi Finocchi
2
138
, Lucia Rocco
2
139
, Ateş Kadıoğlu
2
140
, Akeem Babatunde Sikiru
2
141
, Ali Said Kilicalp
2
142
, Mezbahul Moker Rabin
2
143
144
, Giovanni Liguori
2
145
, Jose Arturo Mora Rodriguez
2
146
, Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez
2
147
, Angelo Alessandro Marino
2
148
, Taha Hamoda
2
149
150
, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan
2
151
, Bircan Kolbaşı Erkan
2
152
, Mikhail Ruzaev
2
153
, Manel Nezzal
2
154
, Giovanni M Colpi
2
155
, Fahmi Bahar
2
156
157
, Tamilselvi Sethupathy
2
158
, Guadalupe Del Carmen Hernández Hebrard
2
159
, Mohamed S Al-Marhoon
2
160
, Ahmad Tarek Motawi
2
3
, Sotiris Andreadakis
2
161
, Coskun Kaya
2
162
163
, Alessandro Franceschelli
2
164
, Fikri Rizaldi
2
165
, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
2
166
, Pedro Cuapio Padilla
2
167
, Ahmad Ateyah Awwad
2
3
, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn
2
168
, Nazim Gherabi
2
169
, Abdallah Bensouda
2
170
, Naufal Nandita Firsty
2
171
172
173
, Giorgio Franco
2
174
, Neha Shreyas Goswami
2
175
, B Aanantha Lakshmi
2
176
, Frédéric Romain Santer
2
177
, Ege Can Serefoglu
2
25
, Vahid Esmaeili
2
178
, Ioannis Sokolakis
2
179
, Mustafa Kadihasanoglu
2
180
, Marion Bendayan
2
181
182
, Petronela Naghi
2
183
, Sofia Ines Leonardi Diaz
2
184
, Saviana Adriana Buhlea
2
185
, Alireza Kheradmand
2
186
, Tulay Irez
2
187
, Tiago Cesar Mierzwa
2
188
, Silvia Werdhy Lestari
2
189
, Riffat Bibi
2
190
191
, Quang Nguyen
2
192
193
, Ranjit Babulal Vishwakarma
1
2
, Pietro Salacone
2
194
, Stamatis Papaharitou
2
195
, Saad Mohammed Abumelha
2
196
, Elango Kamaraj
2
197
, Robyn Amanda Van Staden
2
198
, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
2
199
, Ramazan Asci
2
200
, Gustavo Marquesine Paul
2
201
, Abiodun Oyerinde
2
202
, Akhmad Mustafa
2
203
, Chirag Gupta
2
204
, Yudhistira Pradnyan Kloping
2
205
, Marjan Sabbaghian
2
206
, Isaac Ardianson Deswanto
2
207
, Moungala Lionel Wildy
2
208
, Teng Aik Ong
2
209
, Sann Lin Ko
2
210
211
, Sheryl Toni Homa
2
212
, Rahul Gajbhiye
2
213
, Mara Simopoulou
2
214
, Mohamed Abdelfatah Farag
2
3
, Vineet Malhotra
2
215
, Ekom Monday Etukudo
2
216
, Hazem Meteb Al-Rumaih
2
217
, Ninad Chandrakant Tamboli
2
218
, Awaj Kafle
2
219
, Mohamed Elkhouly
2
220
221
, Ashok Agarwal
2
222
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 Department of Urology and Andrology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
- 2 Global Andrology Forum, Global Andrology Foundation, Moreland Hills, OH, USA.
- 3 Department of Andrology, Sexology and STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 4 Department of Urology, Burjeel Hospital - Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 5 Department of Urology, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 6 Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 7 Department of Urology, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- 8 Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- 9 College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq.
- 10 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- 11 Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
- 12 Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- 13 Department of Urology and Andrology, October 6th University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 14 Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA.
- 15 Departmant of Urology, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.
- 16 Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- 17 College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
- 18 Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- 19 Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 20 Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Next Fertility GynePro, Bologna, Italy.
- 21 Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
- 22 Department Urology, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- 23 Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- 24 SSD Neurourologia and SCU Urologia, Città della salute e della scienza - University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 25 Department of Urology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 26 Reproductive Medicine Center, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.
- 27 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Centre de la Muette, Paris, France.
- 28 Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria.
- 29 Department of Urology, Gülhane Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 30 Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 31 Department of Urology, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
- 32 Department of Urology, Baskent University, Konya, Türkiye.
- 33 Private Urology Clinic, Private Office, Ansbach, Germany.
- 34 Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 35 Department of Urology, Tekirdag City Hospital, Tekirdag, Türkiye.
- 36 Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria.
- 37 Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Al-Mithnab General Hospital Qasim Region, Al-Mithnab, Saudi Arabia.
- 38 Department of Urology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 39 Reroduction and Artificial Insemination, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
- 40 Department of Urology, Baskent University, Adana, Türkiye.
- 41 Department of Genetics, Pulse Health Training Center, AlJenan Medical Center, Manama, Bahrain.
- 42 Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
- 43 Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 44 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 45 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- 46 Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 47 Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital UMC, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 48 Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 49 SMC Telogorejo Hospital Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
- 50 Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- 51 Division of Urology, West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia.
- 52 Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- 53 Department of Andrology, Assuit University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt.
- 54 Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
- 55 Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 56 Department of Surgery, Taylor's University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 57 Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados.
- 58 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados.
- 59 Fertility Centre, Hanh Phuc International Hospital, Binh Duong, Vietnam.
- 60 Department of Andrology, Men's Health Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 61 Department of Reproductive Urology, Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, USA.
- 62 Department of Urology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
- 63 Department of Urology, Shalby Multispeciality Hospital, Jabalpur, India.
- 64 Swarupa Fertility & IVF Centre, Vijayawada, India.
- 65 Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
- 66 Department of Urology, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
- 67 Biological Sciences, Center To Advance Level Research & Development (SMC-Pvt) Ltd., Multan, Pakistan.
- 68 Department of Urology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye.
- 69 Male Factor Research Group, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.
- 70 Urology & Neurourology Unit, National Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece.
- 71 Department of Gynaecology, HUB Erasme, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- 72 Department of Reproductive Biology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 73 Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
- 74 Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
- 75 Ajyal IVF Center, Ajyal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt.
- 76 Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- 77 Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 78 Laboratory Unilabs Eylau Centre FIV Pierre Cherest, Neuilly Sur Seine, France.
- 79 Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 80 Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- 81 Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 82 Department of Surgery, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
- 83 Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Medicalpark Hospital, Trabzon, Türkiye.
- 84 Department of Biology, Djilali Liabes university of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
- 85 Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- 86 Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- 87 Department of Andrology, Saigon Reproductive Medicine and Andrology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 88 IVF Center, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India.
- 89 IVF Center, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 90 Department of Urology, Niğde Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye.
- 91 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 92 IVF Unit, Bahçeçi Health Group, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 93 Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 94 Department of Urology and Andrology, Locus Medicus, Athens, Greece.
- 95 Department of Urology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye.
- 96 Department of Gynecology, Dr Arab Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 97 Serivice of Andrology and Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL Salerno), Salerno, Italy.
- 98 EcoFoods Fertility Network for Reproductive and Environmental Health, Local Health Authority (ASL Salerno), Salerno, Italy.
- 99 Andrology Department, Royal Children's and Women's Hospitals, Melbourne, Australia.
- 100 Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- 101 Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 102 Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
- 103 Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
- 104 Department of Urology, Sam Ratulangi University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 105 Department of Urology, Prof R.D. Kandou General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 106 Department of Clinical Embryology, Oasis Fertility, Hyderabad, India.
- 107 UroCentre Clinic, Adana, Türkiye.
- 108 Department of Urology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 109 Embryology, BACC Women's and Children Hospital Pvt Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 110 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 111 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.
- 112 Andrology Clinic, Santo Borromeus Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 113 Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- 114 Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 115 Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
- 116 Urology Medical Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 117 Department of Urology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Türkiye.
- 118 Department of Urology, Ciawi General Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia.
- 119 Department of Urology, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 120 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- 121 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- 122 Andrology Department, Catalonia-Central University-Uvic, Barcelona, Spain.
- 123 Autonomous University of Barcelona - UAB, Puigvert Foundation, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- 124 Department of Andrology, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Chennai, India.
- 125 Department of Andrology and Nephro-Urology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 126 Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India.
- 127 Department of Urology, General Hospital of Corinth, Corinth, Greece.
- 128 Urology Unit, Casa di Cura Villa Igea, Ancona, Italy.
- 129 Andrology Unit, TamAnh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 130 Department of Urology, CURE Urology Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
- 131 Department of Embryology, Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Dubai, UAE.
- 132 Unità di Medicina della Riproduzione, Centro HERA, Unità di Medicina della Riproduzione, Centro HERA, Catania, Italy.
- 133 Andrology, Asian Andrology, Hyderabad, India.
- 134 Department of Reproductive Medicine, Genome Fertility Centre, Kolkata, India.
- 135 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 136 Department of Internal Medicine, Max Multispecialty Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India.
- 137 Department of Internal Medicine, ASL Napoli 1, Naples, Italy.
- 138 Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of System Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- 139 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
- 140 Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 141 Department of Animal Science/Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture Zuru, Zuru, Nigeria.
- 142 Department of Urology, Ankara Ataturk Sanatoryumu Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 143 Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 144 Department of Urology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
- 145 Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- 146 Department of Urology, Ginecologia y Fertilidad Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Mexico.
- 147 Department of Reproductive Medicine, CITMER, México City, Mexico.
- 148 Reproductive Medicine Unit, ANDROS Day Surgery Clinic, Palermo, Italy.
- 149 Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 150 Department of Urology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- 151 Department of Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India.
- 152 Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 153 Urology/Andrology, Sibirian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
- 154 IVF Department, Private clinic, Annaba, Algeria.
- 155 Andrology and IVF Center, Next Fertility ProCrea, Lugano, Switzerland.
- 156 Andrology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah Palembang University, Palembang, Indonesia.
- 157 Andrology Section, Siloam Sriwijaya Palembang Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
- 158 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, CK Medical Centre Hospital, Erode, India.
- 159 Department of Reproductive Biology, Reina Madre, Puebla, México.
- 160 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
- 161 Department of Urology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- 162 Department of Urology, Health Science University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 163 Department of Urology, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Türkiye.
- 164 Department of Urology and Nephrology, Andrology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 165 Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 166 Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
- 167 Laboratorio de Andrologia/Banco de Semen, Hisparep, Clinic Human Reproduction, Spanish Hospital, México City, México.
- 168 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Grupo Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 169 Department of Medicine, Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria.
- 170 Urology and Andrology Private Practice, Rabat, Moroco.
- 171 Department of Surgery, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
- 172 Department of Emergency, Putri Hijau Army Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
- 173 Department of Emergency, Setia Budi Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
- 174 Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- 175 IVF Department, Flora Fertility Center, Ahmedabad, India.
- 176 Reproductive Medicine, Jañani Fertility Centre, Trichy, India.
- 177 Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 178 Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- 179 2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 180 Department of Urology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 181 Department of ART, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France.
- 182 BREED, INRAE, UVSQ, ENVA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- 183 Calla ICF Center, Calla IVF Center, Oradea, Romania.
- 184 Andrology Laboratory, Fert. Lab, Salta, Argentina.
- 185 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 186 Urology Department, Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- 187 Department of Clinical Embryology, Health Science Institute, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 188 Urocentro, Curitiba, Brazil.
- 189 Andrology Division of Medical Biology Department, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 190 Reproductive Physiology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 191 Fertility Genetic, Salma Kafeel Medical Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 192 Center for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 193 Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 194 Unità di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione e OMA, Ospedale S.MGoretti, Latina, Italia.
- 195 Androlgy Laboratory and Sperm Bank, S.Papaharitou Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 196 Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 197 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- 198 Reproductive Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 199 Physiology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Sungai Buloh Campus), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 200 Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye.
- 201 Department of Urology of UFPR, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) - Brazil, Curitiba, Brazil.
- 202 Department of Physiology, Lead City University, Ibafy, Nigeria.
- 203 Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 204 Department of Urology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India.
- 205 Department of Urology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 206 Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- 207 Department of Urology, EMC Hospital Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia.
- 208 Andrology Depatment, Androcryos Andrology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 209 Department of Surgery, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 210 Clinical Embryologist, Moe Kaung Treasure Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar.
- 211 Department of Anatomy, Defense Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar.
- 212 Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, England.
- 213 Clinical Research Laboratory & Andrology Clinic, ICMRNational Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India.
- 214 Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 215 Department of Urology, VNA hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 216 Department of Anatomy, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
- 217 Reproductive Medicine Unit, New Jahra Hospital, Jahra, Kuwait.
- 218 Department of Urology, Terna superspeciality Hospital and Research Center, Navi Mumbai, India.
- 219 Department of Urology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
- 220 Urology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 221 Urology Department, Medcare Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
- 222 Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. agarwaa32099@outlook.com.
- PMID: 40583018
- DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.250039
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The Global State of Contemporary Andrology Practice: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Practice, Training Pathways, and Emerging Challenges
Rupin Shah et al.
World J Mens Health.
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doi: 10.5534/wjmh.250039.
Online ahead of print.
Authors
Rupin Shah
1
2
, Taymour Mostafa
2
3
, Manaf Al Hashimi
2
4
5
, Germar-Michael Pinggera
2
6
, Wael Zohdy
2
3
, Bahadır Şahin
2
7
, Hiva Alipour
2
8
, Ayad Faeq Palani
2
9
, Mohamed Arafa
2
3
10
11
, Eric Chung
2
12
, Ayman Rashed
2
13
, Edmund Ko
2
14
, Baris Altay
2
15
, Amarnath Rambhatla
2
16
17
, Tuncay Toprak
2
18
, Hussein Kandil
2
19
, Edoardo Pescatori
2
20
, Ahmed El-Sakka
2
21
, Haitham Ali Elbardisi
2
10
11
22
, Juan Manuel Corral Molina
2
23
, Marco Falcone
2
24
25
, Edouard Harry Amar
2
26
27
, Taiwo Crossby Omotoriogun
2
28
, Selcuk Sarikaya
2
29
, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc
2
30
, Mounir Jamali
2
31
, Oğuzhan Kahraman
2
32
, Ahmet Cihan
2
33
, Sava Micic
2
34
, Muslim Dogan Deger
2
35
, Muhammad Ujudud Musa
2
36
37
, Gökhan Çeker
2
38
, Umut Cagin Ari
2
39
, Cevahir Ozer
2
40
, Huda Mossa Omran
2
41
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, Saleh Binsaleh
2
43
, Rossella Cannarella
2
44
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, Mohamad Ahmad Moussa
2
46
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, Iman Shamohammadi
2
48
, Andrian Japari
2
49
, Francesco Gaggia
2
50
, Aria Danurdoro
2
51
, Nasser Mogharabian
2
52
, Mohamed Elmahdy Toiema
2
53
, Hisanori Taniguchi
2
54
, Missy Savira
2
55
, Christopher Chee Kong Ho
2
56
, Keerti Singh
2
57
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, Manh Truong Nguyen
2
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, Parviz K Kavoussi
2
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, Shingai Bertrand Angelo Mutambirwa
2
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, Ishan Merchant
2
63
, Dharani Moorthy
2
64
, Vijay Kumar
2
65
, Arif Kalkanli
2
66
, Faiza Rao
2
67
, Fatih Gokalp
2
68
, Nicolas Garrido
2
69
, Charalampos Konstantinidis
2
70
, David Pening
2
71
, Sedigheh Bahmyari
2
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, Parisa Dolati
2
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, Aldo E Calogero
2
44
, Ramadan Saleh
2
74
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, Birute Zilaitiene
2
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, Giorgio Ivan Russo
2
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, Nadia Kazdar
2
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, Ricky Adriansjah
2
79
, Gianmaria Salvio
2
80
, Giancarlo Balercia
2
80
, Catalina Zenoaga-Barbarosie
2
81
, Balantine Ugochukwu Eze
2
82
, Widi Atmoko
2
55
, Deniz Kulaksiz
2
83
, Amina Benabbou
2
84
, Siu King Mak
2
85
, Luca Boeri
2
86
, Sang Thanh Le
2
87
, Ajay Kumar Jain
2
88
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, Amr El Meliegy
2
3
, Kadir Böcü
2
90
, Nur Dokuzeylül Güngör
2
91
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, Gokhan Calik
2
93
, Konstantinos Makarounis
2
94
, Mesut Berkan Duran
2
95
, Hisham Ahmed Arab
2
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, Luigi Montano
2
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, Gulfam Ahmad
2
99
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, Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
2
101
, Hyun Jun Park
2
102
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, Eko Arianto
2
104
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, Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
2
106
, Andrea Crafa
2
44
, Tahsin Turunc
2
107
, Fotios Dimitriadis
2
108
, Umut Arslan
2
18
, Sk Mizanur Rahman
2
109
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, Andri Rezano
2
111
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, Ryan Patrick Smith
2
113
, Erman Ceyhan
2
114
, Naveen Kumar
2
115
, Dyandra Parikesit
2
116
, Mehmet Serkan Özkent
2
117
, Rosadi Putra
2
118
119
, Haocheng Lin
2
120
121
, Osvaldo Rajmil
2
122
123
, Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash
2
124
, Tan V Le
2
30
125
, Satish Pundlik Dipankar
2
126
, Charalampos Thomas
2
127
, Carlo Giulioni
2
128
, Danh Cong Nguyen
2
129
, Vinod K V
2
130
, Zaid Qureshi
2
131
, Filippo Giacone
2
132
, Ashish Reddy
2
133
, Sujoy Dasgupta
2
134
, Divyanu Jain
2
135
136
, Ciro Salzano
2
137
, Federica Finocchi Finocchi
2
138
, Lucia Rocco
2
139
, Ateş Kadıoğlu
2
140
, Akeem Babatunde Sikiru
2
141
, Ali Said Kilicalp
2
142
, Mezbahul Moker Rabin
2
143
144
, Giovanni Liguori
2
145
, Jose Arturo Mora Rodriguez
2
146
, Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez
2
147
, Angelo Alessandro Marino
2
148
, Taha Hamoda
2
149
150
, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan
2
151
, Bircan Kolbaşı Erkan
2
152
, Mikhail Ruzaev
2
153
, Manel Nezzal
2
154
, Giovanni M Colpi
2
155
, Fahmi Bahar
2
156
157
, Tamilselvi Sethupathy
2
158
, Guadalupe Del Carmen Hernández Hebrard
2
159
, Mohamed S Al-Marhoon
2
160
, Ahmad Tarek Motawi
2
3
, Sotiris Andreadakis
2
161
, Coskun Kaya
2
162
163
, Alessandro Franceschelli
2
164
, Fikri Rizaldi
2
165
, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
2
166
, Pedro Cuapio Padilla
2
167
, Ahmad Ateyah Awwad
2
3
, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn
2
168
, Nazim Gherabi
2
169
, Abdallah Bensouda
2
170
, Naufal Nandita Firsty
2
171
172
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, Giorgio Franco
2
174
, Neha Shreyas Goswami
2
175
, B Aanantha Lakshmi
2
176
, Frédéric Romain Santer
2
177
, Ege Can Serefoglu
2
25
, Vahid Esmaeili
2
178
, Ioannis Sokolakis
2
179
, Mustafa Kadihasanoglu
2
180
, Marion Bendayan
2
181
182
, Petronela Naghi
2
183
, Sofia Ines Leonardi Diaz
2
184
, Saviana Adriana Buhlea
2
185
, Alireza Kheradmand
2
186
, Tulay Irez
2
187
, Tiago Cesar Mierzwa
2
188
, Silvia Werdhy Lestari
2
189
, Riffat Bibi
2
190
191
, Quang Nguyen
2
192
193
, Ranjit Babulal Vishwakarma
1
2
, Pietro Salacone
2
194
, Stamatis Papaharitou
2
195
, Saad Mohammed Abumelha
2
196
, Elango Kamaraj
2
197
, Robyn Amanda Van Staden
2
198
, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
2
199
, Ramazan Asci
2
200
, Gustavo Marquesine Paul
2
201
, Abiodun Oyerinde
2
202
, Akhmad Mustafa
2
203
, Chirag Gupta
2
204
, Yudhistira Pradnyan Kloping
2
205
, Marjan Sabbaghian
2
206
, Isaac Ardianson Deswanto
2
207
, Moungala Lionel Wildy
2
208
, Teng Aik Ong
2
209
, Sann Lin Ko
2
210
211
, Sheryl Toni Homa
2
212
, Rahul Gajbhiye
2
213
, Mara Simopoulou
2
214
, Mohamed Abdelfatah Farag
2
3
, Vineet Malhotra
2
215
, Ekom Monday Etukudo
2
216
, Hazem Meteb Al-Rumaih
2
217
, Ninad Chandrakant Tamboli
2
218
, Awaj Kafle
2
219
, Mohamed Elkhouly
2
220
221
, Ashok Agarwal
2
222
Affiliations
- 1 Department of Urology and Andrology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
- 2 Global Andrology Forum, Global Andrology Foundation, Moreland Hills, OH, USA.
- 3 Department of Andrology, Sexology and STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 4 Department of Urology, Burjeel Hospital - Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 5 Department of Urology, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 6 Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 7 Department of Urology, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- 8 Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- 9 College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq.
- 10 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- 11 Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
- 12 Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- 13 Department of Urology and Andrology, October 6th University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 14 Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA.
- 15 Departmant of Urology, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.
- 16 Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- 17 College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
- 18 Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.
- 19 Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- 20 Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Next Fertility GynePro, Bologna, Italy.
- 21 Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
- 22 Department Urology, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- 23 Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- 24 SSD Neurourologia and SCU Urologia, Città della salute e della scienza - University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 25 Department of Urology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 26 Reproductive Medicine Center, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.
- 27 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Centre de la Muette, Paris, France.
- 28 Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria.
- 29 Department of Urology, Gülhane Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 30 Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 31 Department of Urology, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
- 32 Department of Urology, Baskent University, Konya, Türkiye.
- 33 Private Urology Clinic, Private Office, Ansbach, Germany.
- 34 Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia.
- 35 Department of Urology, Tekirdag City Hospital, Tekirdag, Türkiye.
- 36 Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria.
- 37 Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Al-Mithnab General Hospital Qasim Region, Al-Mithnab, Saudi Arabia.
- 38 Department of Urology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 39 Reroduction and Artificial Insemination, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
- 40 Department of Urology, Baskent University, Adana, Türkiye.
- 41 Department of Genetics, Pulse Health Training Center, AlJenan Medical Center, Manama, Bahrain.
- 42 Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
- 43 Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 44 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 45 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- 46 Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 47 Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital UMC, Beirut, Lebanon.
- 48 Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 49 SMC Telogorejo Hospital Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
- 50 Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- 51 Division of Urology, West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia.
- 52 Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- 53 Department of Andrology, Assuit University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt.
- 54 Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
- 55 Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 56 Department of Surgery, Taylor's University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 57 Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados.
- 58 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados.
- 59 Fertility Centre, Hanh Phuc International Hospital, Binh Duong, Vietnam.
- 60 Department of Andrology, Men's Health Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 61 Department of Reproductive Urology, Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, USA.
- 62 Department of Urology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
- 63 Department of Urology, Shalby Multispeciality Hospital, Jabalpur, India.
- 64 Swarupa Fertility & IVF Centre, Vijayawada, India.
- 65 Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
- 66 Department of Urology, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
- 67 Biological Sciences, Center To Advance Level Research & Development (SMC-Pvt) Ltd., Multan, Pakistan.
- 68 Department of Urology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye.
- 69 Male Factor Research Group, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.
- 70 Urology & Neurourology Unit, National Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece.
- 71 Department of Gynaecology, HUB Erasme, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- 72 Department of Reproductive Biology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 73 Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
- 74 Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
- 75 Ajyal IVF Center, Ajyal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt.
- 76 Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- 77 Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 78 Laboratory Unilabs Eylau Centre FIV Pierre Cherest, Neuilly Sur Seine, France.
- 79 Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 80 Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- 81 Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 82 Department of Surgery, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
- 83 Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Medicalpark Hospital, Trabzon, Türkiye.
- 84 Department of Biology, Djilali Liabes university of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
- 85 Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- 86 Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- 87 Department of Andrology, Saigon Reproductive Medicine and Andrology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 88 IVF Center, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India.
- 89 IVF Center, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 90 Department of Urology, Niğde Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye.
- 91 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 92 IVF Unit, Bahçeçi Health Group, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 93 Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 94 Department of Urology and Andrology, Locus Medicus, Athens, Greece.
- 95 Department of Urology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye.
- 96 Department of Gynecology, Dr Arab Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 97 Serivice of Andrology and Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL Salerno), Salerno, Italy.
- 98 EcoFoods Fertility Network for Reproductive and Environmental Health, Local Health Authority (ASL Salerno), Salerno, Italy.
- 99 Andrology Department, Royal Children's and Women's Hospitals, Melbourne, Australia.
- 100 Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- 101 Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 102 Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
- 103 Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
- 104 Department of Urology, Sam Ratulangi University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 105 Department of Urology, Prof R.D. Kandou General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 106 Department of Clinical Embryology, Oasis Fertility, Hyderabad, India.
- 107 UroCentre Clinic, Adana, Türkiye.
- 108 Department of Urology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 109 Embryology, BACC Women's and Children Hospital Pvt Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 110 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 111 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.
- 112 Andrology Clinic, Santo Borromeus Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 113 Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- 114 Department of Urology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 115 Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
- 116 Urology Medical Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 117 Department of Urology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Türkiye.
- 118 Department of Urology, Ciawi General Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia.
- 119 Department of Urology, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 120 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- 121 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- 122 Andrology Department, Catalonia-Central University-Uvic, Barcelona, Spain.
- 123 Autonomous University of Barcelona - UAB, Puigvert Foundation, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- 124 Department of Andrology, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Chennai, India.
- 125 Department of Andrology and Nephro-Urology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 126 Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India.
- 127 Department of Urology, General Hospital of Corinth, Corinth, Greece.
- 128 Urology Unit, Casa di Cura Villa Igea, Ancona, Italy.
- 129 Andrology Unit, TamAnh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 130 Department of Urology, CURE Urology Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
- 131 Department of Embryology, Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Dubai, UAE.
- 132 Unità di Medicina della Riproduzione, Centro HERA, Unità di Medicina della Riproduzione, Centro HERA, Catania, Italy.
- 133 Andrology, Asian Andrology, Hyderabad, India.
- 134 Department of Reproductive Medicine, Genome Fertility Centre, Kolkata, India.
- 135 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 136 Department of Internal Medicine, Max Multispecialty Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India.
- 137 Department of Internal Medicine, ASL Napoli 1, Naples, Italy.
- 138 Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of System Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- 139 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
- 140 Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 141 Department of Animal Science/Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture Zuru, Zuru, Nigeria.
- 142 Department of Urology, Ankara Ataturk Sanatoryumu Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
- 143 Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 144 Department of Urology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
- 145 Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- 146 Department of Urology, Ginecologia y Fertilidad Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Mexico.
- 147 Department of Reproductive Medicine, CITMER, México City, Mexico.
- 148 Reproductive Medicine Unit, ANDROS Day Surgery Clinic, Palermo, Italy.
- 149 Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- 150 Department of Urology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- 151 Department of Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India.
- 152 Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 153 Urology/Andrology, Sibirian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
- 154 IVF Department, Private clinic, Annaba, Algeria.
- 155 Andrology and IVF Center, Next Fertility ProCrea, Lugano, Switzerland.
- 156 Andrology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah Palembang University, Palembang, Indonesia.
- 157 Andrology Section, Siloam Sriwijaya Palembang Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
- 158 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, CK Medical Centre Hospital, Erode, India.
- 159 Department of Reproductive Biology, Reina Madre, Puebla, México.
- 160 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
- 161 Department of Urology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- 162 Department of Urology, Health Science University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 163 Department of Urology, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Türkiye.
- 164 Department of Urology and Nephrology, Andrology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 165 Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 166 Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
- 167 Laboratorio de Andrologia/Banco de Semen, Hisparep, Clinic Human Reproduction, Spanish Hospital, México City, México.
- 168 Center of Reproductive Medicine, Grupo Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- 169 Department of Medicine, Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria.
- 170 Urology and Andrology Private Practice, Rabat, Moroco.
- 171 Department of Surgery, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
- 172 Department of Emergency, Putri Hijau Army Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
- 173 Department of Emergency, Setia Budi Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
- 174 Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- 175 IVF Department, Flora Fertility Center, Ahmedabad, India.
- 176 Reproductive Medicine, Jañani Fertility Centre, Trichy, India.
- 177 Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- 178 Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- 179 2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 180 Department of Urology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 181 Department of ART, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France.
- 182 BREED, INRAE, UVSQ, ENVA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- 183 Calla ICF Center, Calla IVF Center, Oradea, Romania.
- 184 Andrology Laboratory, Fert. Lab, Salta, Argentina.
- 185 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
- 186 Urology Department, Jundishapur Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- 187 Department of Clinical Embryology, Health Science Institute, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- 188 Urocentro, Curitiba, Brazil.
- 189 Andrology Division of Medical Biology Department, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 190 Reproductive Physiology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 191 Fertility Genetic, Salma Kafeel Medical Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 192 Center for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 193 Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 194 Unità di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione e OMA, Ospedale S.MGoretti, Latina, Italia.
- 195 Androlgy Laboratory and Sperm Bank, S.Papaharitou Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- 196 Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- 197 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- 198 Reproductive Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 199 Physiology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Sungai Buloh Campus), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 200 Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye.
- 201 Department of Urology of UFPR, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) - Brazil, Curitiba, Brazil.
- 202 Department of Physiology, Lead City University, Ibafy, Nigeria.
- 203 Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
- 204 Department of Urology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India.
- 205 Department of Urology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- 206 Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- 207 Department of Urology, EMC Hospital Tangerang, Tangerang, Indonesia.
- 208 Andrology Depatment, Androcryos Andrology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 209 Department of Surgery, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- 210 Clinical Embryologist, Moe Kaung Treasure Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar.
- 211 Department of Anatomy, Defense Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar.
- 212 Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, England.
- 213 Clinical Research Laboratory & Andrology Clinic, ICMRNational Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India.
- 214 Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 215 Department of Urology, VNA hospital, New Delhi, India.
- 216 Department of Anatomy, Kampala International University, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
- 217 Reproductive Medicine Unit, New Jahra Hospital, Jahra, Kuwait.
- 218 Department of Urology, Terna superspeciality Hospital and Research Center, Navi Mumbai, India.
- 219 Department of Urology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
- 220 Urology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- 221 Urology Department, Medcare Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
- 222 Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. agarwaa32099@outlook.com.
- PMID: 40583018
- DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.250039
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Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluates the current state of andrology practice worldwide, identifies challenges faced by clinicians, and explores training, certification, and research opportunities. It also seeks to redefine the qualifications necessary to be recognized as an andrologist and to propose areas for standardization and improvement.
Materials and methods: A global, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 48-question online questionnaire designed by international experts. The survey, distributed in English, covered various domains of modern andrology practice. Responses from 405 participants across 59 countries were analyzed using R version 4.1.2, with categorical variables reported as frequencies and percentages.
Results: Among respondents, 47.3% held medical doctor (MD) degrees, with urologists (31.1%) and clinical andrologists (25.3%) being the most represented specialties. Formal, board-certified andrological training was reported as available in only 48.1% of countries. While half of the respondents identified as andrologists based on experience, only one-third did so through certification, obtained from diverse, nationally recognized organizations. The primary areas of practice included male infertility (36.7%), male sexual dysfunction (27.2%), and sexually transmitted infections (14.5%). Many participants were actively engaged in assisted reproductive technologies, imaging, and andrological surgical emergencies. Despite strong interest in clinical, basic, and translational research, respondents highlighted significant challenges, including inconsistent training pathways, insufficient certification standards, and the complexity of managing diverse andrological conditions.
Conclusions: Andrology is an evolving multidisciplinary specialty where board-certified urologists, clinical andrologists, and reproductive medicine specialists collaborate to address male reproductive and sexual health challenges. Despite their advanced competencies in medical, surgical, and laboratory interventions, specialists face significant global disparities in training and certification. This survey highlights the urgent need for standardized training, evidence-based guidelines, and unified certification to ensure consistency, enhance patient care, and advance andrology's academic and clinical excellence worldwide.
Keywords: Andrology; Infertility; Male; Medical education; Sexual health; Surveys and questionnaires.
Copyright © 2025 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have nothing to disclose.
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