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. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21749.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05830-3.

Citrus limetta-peel mediated sheet- like MgO nano-catalyst for the production of biodiesel from jatropha Oil

Kushwaha Jashvant Kumar  1 , Jennifer Daimari  1 , Sunshri Basumatary  1 , Arunendu Mondal  2 , Anamika Kalita Deka  3
Affiliations

Citrus limetta-peel mediated sheet- like MgO nano-catalyst for the production of biodiesel from jatropha Oil

Kushwaha Jashvant Kumar et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The present study spotlights on novel green synthesis of Citrus limetta peel mediated sheet like MgO nano-catalyst (CitLim-PE-MgO Nano-catalyst) for biodiesel production from jatropha oil. The average crystalline size of prepared Nano-catalyst was confirmed by XRD analysis and found 24.5 nm. Sheet-like porous morphology was confirmed by FESEM-EDX. Mg and O-atoms were observed with 38.21 and 50.69 wt% at 1.1 keV and 1.3 keV in EDX. This nano-catalyst showed upto 98.20% yield of biodiesel production through transesterification reaction of jatropha oil with methanol at 65 °C with 8 wt% catalyst in 1:9 oil/methanol ratio. The production of biodiesel was confirmed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The catalyst was recycled and used twice, with slight decrease in catalytic activity due to possible leaching of active components with 92.47% FAME production at optimum condition (65 °C with 8 wt% catalyst in 1:9 oil/methanol ratio); properties of biodiesel was found under international standards.

Keywords: Biodiesel; Citrus; FAME; Leaching; Nano-catalyst.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) UV–Vis spectra, (b) FT-IR spectra, (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, (d, e) FESEM images and (f) EDX graph of green synthesized CitLim-PE-MgO Nano-catalyst.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Various phyto- components of Citrus limetta peels.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Possible mechanism of Metal Nanoparticle synthesis with bioactive compounds.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Possible mechanism for transesterification of Jatropha oil with MgO.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Possible reaction mechanism for transesterification of glycidyl oleate to FAM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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