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. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21576.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06952-4.

Development and usability evaluation of a mHealth application for prehospital triage

Elham Asadiara  1 , Hassan Emami  2 , Mehdi Safari  3 , Reza Rabiei  4
Affiliations

Development and usability evaluation of a mHealth application for prehospital triage

Elham Asadiara et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study developed and evaluated a mobile health (mHealth) application for prehospital triage. The effective triage of undifferentiated patients is crucial for appropriate prehospital care and mHealth applications offer potential support by classifying patient conditions prior to hospital arrival. This two-stage applied study, conducted in 2023, began with determining functional requirements through a literature review and a questionnaire-based survey, informed by existing guidelines. A conceptual model was then developed using Microsoft Visio 2021. The application then was developed using Android Studio in Java and Kotlin languages. In the second stage, the application's usability was evaluated by involving 32 paramedics and EMT technicians through using the Mobile Application Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). Key application features included comprehensive information forms, triage level calculation based on the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), hospital navigation, and structured case report generation. Ease of use received the highest score (4.35 ± 0.47), while interface and satisfaction obtained the lowest scored (3.84 ± 0.79). Overall user satisfaction was high (4.12 ± 0.59; Max: 5.00). Results suggest that this mHealth application can effectively support prehospital care by addressing user needs and providing essential functionalities.

Keywords: Emergency care; Medical emergency service; Prehospital triage; Usability testing; mHealth.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: In this study, all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. (Approval ID: IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1402.870) Consent to participate: All participants were fully informed of the aims and scope of the study, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. To maintain confidentiality, no personal or identifiable data were reported in this study and pseudonyms were used when illustrating the screens of the application.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Use-case diagram of the application.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Application’s home page.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Education resources.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Information resources.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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