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. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):474.
doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04077-6.

Primary liver cancer disease burden in Cambodia during 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of datasets from the global burden of disease study 2021

Duanyu Wang  1 , Syphanna Sou  2 , Sophearin Rith  3 , Socheat Touch  2 , Minghao Tan  4 , Vicheth Virak  5 , Kunpeng Du  6 , Bunna Sik  7 , Pengkhun Nov  8
Affiliations

Primary liver cancer disease burden in Cambodia during 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of datasets from the global burden of disease study 2021

Duanyu Wang et al. BMC Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Background: The etiological composition and disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Cambodia show significant dynamic changes, and targeted prevention and control strategies are urgently needed.

Methods: First, this study obtained data on HCC by age, sex, etiology, incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk from the 2021 GBD study focused on Cambodia data from 1990 to 2021. Secondly, the study also examined the temporal trend of subtype-specific HCC disease burden in Cambodia from 1990 to 2021 using linear regression modeling to calculate estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values. Finally, risk factors for HCC of different etiologies were also analyzed.

Results: Although the age-standardized rate (ASR) of HBV, HCV and NAFLD-related HCC showed a downward trend, the total number of cases and the number of deaths continued to increase. The ASR of HCC related to alcoholic liver disease rose against the trend. The burden of HBV and HCC related to alcoholic liver disease is significantly heavier in men, while the burden of HCC related to HCV and NAFLD is more severe in women. Viral hepatitis (HBV/HCV) remains the main cause of liver cancer in Cambodia, but the contribution of metabolic causes (NAFLD) continues to rise.

Conclusion: HCC poses a significant threat to the health of Cambodians. This study provides key data support for Cambodia to formulate a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for HCC that is "virus control - metabolic intervention - gender stratification".

Keywords: Autoregressive integrated moving average; Cambodia; GBD; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Non-alcoholic steatosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(A-B) Distribution of HBV-related HCC disease burden by age and sex in Cambodia in 2021. (C) Trends in the burden of disease for HBV-related HCC in Cambodia, 1990–2021. (D-E) Trends in the Burden of Disease for HBV-related HCC by age and sex in Cambodia, 1990–2021
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(A-D) Risk factors for HBV-related HCC in Cambodia
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A-B) Distribution of HCV-related HCC disease burden by age and sex in Cambodia in 2021. (C) Trends in the burden of disease for HCV-related HCC in Cambodia, 1990–2021. (D-E) Trends in the Burden of Disease for HCV-related HCC by age and sex in Cambodia, 1990–2021
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(A-D) Risk factors for HCV-related HCC in Cambodia
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