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. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):814.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11202-z.

Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of dyslipidemia in Chinese non-obese and non-diabetic population from the perspective of age category: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Huihui Shang  1 , Jiawei Wang  2 , Xinya Zhang  1 , Dingli Zhang  3 , Kai Yue  4 , Song Xu  5
Affiliations

Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of dyslipidemia in Chinese non-obese and non-diabetic population from the perspective of age category: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Huihui Shang et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background/objectives: Currently, the increased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and elevated levels of dyslipidemia pose a major public health challenge. We aimed to investigate the association between dyslipidemia and H. pylori infection from the perspective of age category.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3530 non-obese and non-diabetic individuals who underwent a physical examination at the 991st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army from January to December 2024. Physical measurements, hematological markers, and detection of H. pylori were gathered from all patients. According to the results of the detection of H. pylori, the subjects were divided into the H. pylori-positive group and the H. pylori-negative group. The correlation between H. pylori infection and blood lipid levels was compared between the two groups according to age category. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing H. pylori infection.

Results: Among 3530 healthy subjects, 1176 cases (33.31%) were in the H. pylori-positive group and 2354 cases (66.69%) were in the H. pylori-negative group. In the 30-59 age group, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive individuals compared to H. pylori-negative individuals (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in other age groups (P > 0.05). Binary Logistic regression showed that H. pylori infection was associated with elevated LDL-c [OR = 2.100, 95%CI (1.771-2.491), P < 0.001], elevated TC [OR = 2.844, 95%CI (2.232-3.623), P < 0.001], male gender [OR = 1.267, 95%CI (1.054-1.524), P < 0.05], ages 40-49 [OR = 1.602, 95%CI (1.181-2.173), P < 0.05].

Conclusions: H. pylori infection is associated with dyslipidemia in non-obese and non-diabetic people, especially those aged 30-59. In men aged 40-49, H. pylori positivity was more strongly related to elevated TC and LDL-c, highlighting the importance of routine H. pylori screening in this age group.

Keywords: Dyslipidemia; Helicobacter pylori; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Total cholesterol; Triglyceride.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving human participants underwent review and approval by the Ethics Committee of the 991st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of People’s Liberation Army (No. 991YJ-202316). Our study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. This retrospective study used de-identified historical medical records and did not involve any intervention or additional risk to participants. The Ethics Committee of the 991st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army waived informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The proportion of H. pylori positive, HDL-c, TG, LDL-c, and TC abnormality in each age category. H. pylori infections were marked in red, TG abnormal in green, HDL-c abnormal in yellow, TC abnormal in blue, and LDL-c abnormal in purple
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Abnormal proportions of LDL-c, TC, TG, and HDL-c in the H. pylori-positive group and the H. pylori-negative group. “Positive” represents the proportion of H. pylori-positive patients with abnormal LDL-c, TC, TG, and HDL-c, marked in red, and “Negative” represents the proportion of H. pylori-negative patients with abnormal LDL-c, TC, TG, and HDL-c, marked in blue. *** indicates significance <0.01, ns indicates significance >0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Age category showed the mean ± SD of LDL-c, TC, TG, and HDL-c in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups. H. pylori-positive groups were marked in red, and H. pylori-negative groups were marked in blue. *** indicates significance <0.01, * indicates significance <0.05. a: LDL-c level and Helicobacter pylori infection status in each age group; b: TG level and Helicobacter pylori infection status in each age group; c: HDL-c level and Helicobacter pylori infection status in each age group; d: TC level and Helicobacter pylori infection status in each age group
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Illustration of the median (IQR) of LDL-c, TC, TG, and HDL-c levels in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups, respectively. Dyslipidemia in the H. pylori-positive group was marked in red, and dyslipidemia in the H. pylori-negative group was marked in green. a: level of LDL-c by H. pylori-infection status; b: level of TG by H. pylori-infection status; c: level of HDL-c by H. pylori-infection status; d: level of TC by H. pylori-infection status
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