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. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):1037.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14421-4.

Nutrition impact symptoms as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer: the role of quality of life and survival outcomes

Liuqing Yang #  1   2   3   4 , Qi Zhang #  2   5 , Heping Zhang  6   7 , Hanping Shi  8   9
Affiliations

Nutrition impact symptoms as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer: the role of quality of life and survival outcomes

Liuqing Yang et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) are common among cancer patients and influence prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of NIS in gastric cancer patients using data from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 2,673 adult patients with confirmed gastric cancer enrolled in the INSCOC database between January 2013 to February 2020. NIS, including appetite loss, vomiting, dysphagia, and early satiety, were assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome, while quality of life (QoL) was the secondary outcome. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce confounding.

Results: Patients with NIS had significantly worse OS compared to those without (median OS: 74.1 vs. 81.3 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, NIS was an independent predictor of mortality (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48, p = 0.001). Vomiting and dysphagia were particularly associated with increased mortality (HR: 1.22, p = 0.038 and HR: 1.80, p < 0.001, respectively). Interaction analysis revealed that the prognostic impact of NIS was influenced by chemotherapy (P for interaction = 0.002). NIS was also strongly associated with severe malnutrition. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings, even after excluding short-term mortalities within 180 days.

Conclusions: NIS are significant independent predictors of poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients, contributing to malnutrition and reduced survival. These findings highlight the importance of early symptom recognition and nutritional intervention to potentially improve outcomes for gastric cancer patients.

Trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=31813 , identifier ChiCTR1800020329.

Keywords: Gastric cancer; Malnutrition; Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS); Prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital and was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under registration number ChiCTR1800020329. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. Consent for publication: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the study design
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The association between NIS and patient prognosis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Stratified analysis of NIS and Overall Survival (OS)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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