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Comparative Study
. 2025 Sep;39(3):e70061.
doi: 10.1111/scs.70061.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indoor Air of a Hospital and Comparison of Results With Other Studies Based on a Systematic Review

Neamat Jaafarzadeh  1 , Mana Ghanbari  2 , Niloofar Neisi  3 , Neda Kaydi  1   4 , Faezeh Jahedi  2   4 , Yalda Hashempour  5 , Mohammad Sadegh Hasanvand  6 , Masud Yonesian  6 , Kazem Nadafi  6 , Amir Zahedi  7 , Amir Danyaei  8
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indoor Air of a Hospital and Comparison of Results With Other Studies Based on a Systematic Review

Neamat Jaafarzadeh et al. Scand J Caring Sci. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence or absence of the COVID-19 virus in the indoor air of Razi Specialized and Sub-specialized Educational and Medical Hospital in Ahvaz, one of the main centres for the hospitalization of COVID-19 patients in the southwestern region of Iran. The purpose was to enhance awareness regarding the potential airborne transmission of the virus in hospital environments and to support protective measures for healthcare personnel and the general public.

Methods: A total of 48 air samples were collected during two different periods: 24 samples in the autumn and 24 in the spring. The samples were taken from the ICU4 ward and its adjacent corridor, where COVID-19 patients were being treated. Standard air sampling procedures were employed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air. During the spring sampling period, two specific samples were emphasized as follows: one collected at a distance of 0.5 m from a patient and another from the corridor leading to the positive section.

Results: All 24 samples collected in autumn tested negative for the virus. However, during the spring sampling period, two of the 24 samples tested positive: one sample taken at a distance of 0.5 m from a patient and another collected from the corridor leading to the COVID-19 positive section.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the COVID-19 virus can be present in indoor air, particularly when central cooling systems (such as chillers) are in operation. The detection of the virus both near a patient and in a common area indicates a potential for airborne transmission. Further research is necessary to investigate the aerodynamic properties and particle weight of the virus, as well as the role of central air conditioning systems in its distribution within indoor spaces.

Keywords: Ahvaz; COVID‐19; airborne transmission; indoor air quality.

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