Flashbulb memories

Abstract

This paper reviews the intriguing category of flashbulb memories (FBMs), which are detailed memories of the reception context. After examining the different measures and operationalizations of the construct, we present the arguments in favor and against labeling FBM as a special category of memory. Explanatory models underscore a) the complementary role of cognitive, emotional, and social factors, b) the development of direct versus indirect pathways and c) a temporal distinction between immediate and long-term responses. The paper examines brain underpinnings, applications to clinical groups, and individual differences in age and culture. The links with the collective memory and its interdisciplinary relevance are then developed.

Keywords: Autobiographical memory; Collective memory; Emotion; Flashbulb memory; Identity; Rehearsal.