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Comparative Study
. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):1018.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06383-7.

Comparative evaluation of the volumetric and morphological characteristics of resorbed and non-resorbed maxillary lateral incisors associated with impacted canine

Elif Albayrak  1 , Neslihan Ebru Senisik  2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative evaluation of the volumetric and morphological characteristics of resorbed and non-resorbed maxillary lateral incisors associated with impacted canine

Elif Albayrak et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of resorbed and non-resorbed lateral incisors adjacent to unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines intended to be positioned in the dental arch during orthodontic treatment. The volumetric and morphological differences between lateral incisors adjacent to impacted canines and those adjacent to erupted canines were examined.

Methods: The study group consisted of fifty participants with unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines. The sample was divided into two groups: the resorbed group (RG) and the non-resorbed group (NRG), based on the resorption status of the lateral incisor adjacent to the maxillary impacted canine. Volumetric, dimensional, and angular differences were evaluated between these groups.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the RG and NRG groups in terms of lateral incisors. In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in lateral incisor volume, mesiodistal and buccolingual root width, and crown-root angle on the impacted side compared to the other side. In the RG group, the cervical, middle, and apical third volumes of the resorbed lateral root on the impacted side were statistically lower than on the other side.

Conclusions: In the RG and NRG groups, the volume and morphological features of the lateral incisors adjacent to the impacted canines were similar and smaller than those of the lateral incisors on the erupted side. In cases where it is desired to maintain the lateral incisors, whether slightly resorbed or not, in the dental arch, it is recommended that orthodontic treatment be optimized for stabilization.

Keywords: CBCT; Lateral incisor morphology; Maxillary impacted canine; Resorption.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye (2012- KAEK- 38.25.02.2021/ 132). All procedures involving human participants were in compliance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions, or similar ethical norms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Volume measurement for maxillary lateral incisor. A, Opening of DICOM images in 3D DOCTOR software; B, In the 3D DOCTOR programme, the calibration of the tooth to be measured is established and the tooth is defined. The axial sections opened in the programme were employed for the purposes of measurement. The contrast of the image was adjusted in the image contrast tab so that the borders of the teeth were clearly discernible.; C, Drawing the outer boundaries of tooth 12 on each axial image; D, The process of generating lateral tooth volume
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Lateral tooth morphology -linear measurements- a, impacted side; b, erupted side; a1-b1, lateral incisor positioning in coronal and axial views; a2-b2, (1) lateral incisor length; (2) lateral incisor buccolingual crown width; a3-b3, (3) lateral incisor mesiodistal crown width; (4) lateral incisor mesiodistal crown-root angle; a4-b4, (5) mesiodistal root width at the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor; (6) buccolingual root width at the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor; a5-b5, (7) mesiodistal root width 4 mm apical to the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor; (8) buccolingual root width 4 mm apical to the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor; a6-b6, (9) mesiodistal root width 8 mm apical to the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor; (10) buccolingual root width 8 mm apical to the enamel-cementum border of the lateral incisor
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