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Case Reports
. 2025 Jun 28:16:149-155.
doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S516902. eCollection 2025.

Isolated Diffuse Splenic Hemangiomatosis Arising in an Adolescent: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Zhuping Chen  1 , Dongdong Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Isolated Diffuse Splenic Hemangiomatosis Arising in an Adolescent: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Zhuping Chen et al. Pediatric Health Med Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis (DSH) is an extremely rare benign vascular disorder characterized by the proliferation of multiple blood vessels within the spleen. It is even rarer in pediatric and adolescent patients, with only a few cases reported in medical literature, which was performed as scientific literature review.

Case presentation: We observed a 14-year-old male who presented with intermittent abdominal discomfort and slight splenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse splenomegaly with round or oval low-density lesions, suggestive of hemangiomatosis or lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple lesions with slightly prolonged T1 and T2 signals. A CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of a splenic lesion was performed to address splenomegaly and diagnostic uncertainty. Histopathological examination confirmed diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis with lymphocytic infiltration.

Conclusion: A rare case of DSH in a childhood was presented. This case underscores the importance of integrating imaging and histopathology for an accurate diagnosis. While the condition is typically benign, tissue biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic method when malignancy cannot be excluded.

Keywords: diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis; lymphoma; splenomegaly; tissue biopsy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The imaging examinations of the patient. (A and B) Abdominal CT revealed multiple round or oval low-density lesions in the spleen (A), showing progressive enhancement during the contrast-enhanced phase (B). (C–F) MRI revealed multiple slightly hyperintense signals on both T1- (C) and T2-weighted (D) images in the spleen; Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated mild ring-shaped enhancement during the arterial phase (E), with delayed-phase enhancement surpassing that of normal splenic tissue (F). The lesions are indicated by the red arrows.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pathological findings of the tumor mass in the spleen. (A) The HE staining revealed that the tumor was composed of multiple vascular channels lined with flat endothelial cells. (B-F) Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells are positive for expression of CD3 (B), CD20 (C), CD31 (D), CD34 (E) and CD68 (F) at the magnification of ×200.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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