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. 2025 Jul 3;19(7):e0013255.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013255. eCollection 2025 Jul.

Aedes aegypti ecology and dengue infection in three agricultural areas of Côte d'Ivoire

Edwige M A Y Kadjo  1   2 , Sylla Yahaya  3 , Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly  1 , Valery E Adjogoua  3 , Danielle D Zoh  4 , François D Traoré  4 , Fabrice K Assouho  5 , Mardoché R K Azongnibo  6 , Stéphane D M Kpan  1 , Ahoua Yapi  1 , Fabrice Chandre  7   8 , Maurice A Adja  1   2
Affiliations

Aedes aegypti ecology and dengue infection in three agricultural areas of Côte d'Ivoire

Edwige M A Y Kadjo et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Over the last ten years, there has been an upsurge of dengue outbreaks in Côte d'Ivoire, with Aedes aegypti as the principal vector. The intensification of farming activities and the living conditions of local populations could lead to a proliferation of artificial breeding sites for Ae. aegypti, which would increase the risk of dengue transmission in rural areas. The present study characterised the habitats of Ae. aegypti larvae and assessed the risk of dengue transmission in three key agricultural areas of Côte d'Ivoire.

Methodology: Aedes aegypti (larvae, pupae and adults) were collected from human dwellings in three key agricultural areas of Côte d'Ivoire during the rainy season. Risk indices including traditional Stegomyia indices and pupal indices were estimated. RT-qPCR was used to detect DENV in the pools of Ae. aegypti.

Principal findings: Aedes aegypti was the predominant species collected at the three locations. The predominant breeding sites were discarded tanks in Songon-Agban and Tchanctévè, and water storage tanks in Kaforo. High Stegomyia indices (house indices >5% and/or Breteau indices >20) and pupal indices (PIH [0.8 - 2.2] and PIP [0.1 - 0.4]) were recorded in all three sites, suggesting a high risk of dengue transmission. DENV-3 was detected in 1/96 (3.6%) pools of Ae. aegypti collected as immature stages in Songon-Agban with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 1.9 per 1000 mosquitoes.

Conclusions/significance: The findings of this study indicated a high entomological risk of dengue across the three agricultural sites. It is important that the potential for transovarial transmission of DENV-3 in Ae. aegypti is considered when formulating control strategies against this vector in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of the 3 study sites.
The map was created with QGIS oftware version 3.34 (https://www.qgis.org/), using the basemap shapefile from the Database of Global Administrative Areas (GADM, https://gadm.org/; licence: https://gadm.org/license.html). The satellite images used to map the various cultivation areas were obtained using the HCMGIS plugin in QGIS (https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/HCMGIS).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Potential breeding sites of Aedes mosquito sampling in the agricultural areas in Côte d’Ivoire. i.e., a) water storage containers, b) discarded tanks, c) used tires, d) natural containers.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Proportions of positive breeding sites types in three agricultural areas in Côte d’Ivoire.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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