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. 2025 Jul 3;25(1):153.
doi: 10.1186/s12894-025-01844-1.

The relationship between the triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio and benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide cohort study

Bing Li #  1 , Zhiqiang Zhang #  2 , Junping Li  3 , Xiaoqiang Liu  4
Affiliations

The relationship between the triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio and benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide cohort study

Bing Li et al. BMC Urol. .

Abstract

Objective: Currently, evidence regarding the relationship between variations in the Triglyceride Glucose-Waist-to-Height Ratio (TyG-WHtR) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains scarce. This study aimed to examine the potential association between alterations in TyG-WHtR and the risk of developing BPH.

Methods: This study enrolled 3,296 male participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariable logistic regression analysis combined with restricted cubic spline models was employed to explore the potential relationship between TyG-WHtR variation and the risk of developing BPH.

Results: Over a 4-year follow-up period, 267 individuals were diagnosed with BPH. Elevated TyG-WHtR values were significantly associated with a higher risk of BPH (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.43, p = 0.031), demonstrating a clear dose-response trend (p = 0.01). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that this positive correlation between TyG-WHtR and BPH risk was consistently observed across multiple stratifications.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential metabolic links between TyG-WHtR and BPH, and underscore the need for future longitudinal studies to explore whether targeting these pathways may aid in BPH prevention.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; China Health and retirement longitudinal study; Cohort study; Linear response relationship; TyG-WHtR index.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of participants selection; Note: 7 participants were missing both TyG and BPH data and are counted once in total exclusions
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Restricted cubic spline of the association between TyG-WHtR and the risk of BPH. The model was adjusted for age, education level, location and marital status, smoking status, drinking status, sleep time, SBP, and DBP. The plot shows a linear relationship between TyG-WHtR and the risk of BPH. TyG-WHtR, Triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio index; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; The reference point is the median of all the data
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of stratified analysis of the association of TyG-WHtR with the risk of BPH. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; TyG-WHtR, Triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio index
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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