Review of laboratory methods used for analysis of von Willebrand factor and for diagnosis of related diseases

Abstract

Introduction: Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric protein present in the blood. Its most important and best characterized function is to control bleeding in primary hemostasis, which is triggered by different biophysical mechanisms and protein-receptor interactions involving different domains of VWF. Many different diseases related to VWF, most importantly von Willebrand disease comprising different types and sub-types, require diagnosis, laboratory analysis of concentration, and function of VWF.

Areas covered: As several different specific functions of VWF are physiologically relevant, several different assays are needed. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of all relevant assays together with a description of how each assay is technically designed. Furthermore, guidance is given for choosing the right and validated assay methods.

Expert opinion: This information includes technical requirements, analytical performance data, references to relevant guidelines and other guidance documents, and reference standards. Also, information on availability and the type of the assay is provided, such as automated or manual, in vitro diagnostics or research use only. Relation to the clinical use of these assays, as well as performance, and result interpretation is covered in a second article in the same issue of this journal by the same authors.

Keywords: VWF laboratory assay guideline; VWF:Ab; VWF:Ag; VWF:CB; VWF:GPIbM; VWF:GPIbR; VWF:RCo; von Willebrand factor.