Glossary of Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery and Related Terms. First Edition

Abstract

The rapid development of computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) and the respective research and clinical applications have necessitated a standardization of the terminology related not only to different devices, but also the different steps involved, surgical and presurgical procedures. The present glossary was introduced at the 1st International Team for Implantology Symposium on Computer-assisted Implant Surgery, based on the collective work of clinicians and researchers with deep understanding and experience in these technologies. The glossary was further refined and revised through the structured input of a large group of global experts within clinical application, research, and education of CAIS. The glossary includes 98 terms organized in 5 domains, aiming to clarify ambiguity and propose some standard nomenclature in the service of clinical practice, research but also development of new devices, protocols, and approaches.

Keywords: computer‐assisted implant surgery; digital dentistry; guided surgery; implantology.

Figure 1

Overview of the organization of computer‐assisted implant dentistry, with selected terms arranged against common workflows. The corresponding section of the Glossary for each of these domains is provided after the section in parenthesis (A–E).

Figure 2

Bone offset (C3): The distance (red arrow) from the apical end of the sleeve (purple) to the level of the marginal bone or shoulder of the implant (blue).

Figure 3

Designs of drills for different Guided Implant Surgery Systems (GISS, C16): (a) Sleeve‐in‐sleeve, non‐interlocking, (b) Sleeve‐in‐sleeve, interlocking, (c) Mounted sleeve‐in‐drill, (d) Integrated sleeve‐in‐drill, (e) Integrated sleeve‐in‐drill, sleeveless surgical guide. Adapted from Sittikornpaiboon et al. (2021).

Figure 4

Different commercially available stereoscopic cameras, as part of d‐CAIS systems: (a–c) mounted above or at the side of the surgical field, (d) mounted on the handpiece.

Figure 5

Different commercially available devices to assist instrument registration: (a–c) drill bit registration in a d‐CAIS system, (d) handpiece registration in a d‐CAIS, and (e) in a r‐CAIS system.

Figure 6

Different commercially available patient optical markers/trackers: (a–e) for passive optical tracking systems, upper and lower jaw, (f) for active optical tracking system, (g–k) for passive optical tracking r‐CAIS system, and (k) bone supported (fixated) tracker for passive optical tracking r‐CAIS system.

Figure 7

Different commercially available handpiece optical markers/trackers (D9) with different optical fiducial marker (D2) configurations. (a–c) Trackers from passive systems (D7), (d) tracker from active system (D6), (c) tracker for a r‐CAIS system.

Figure 8

Different commercially available probes with attached optical fiducial markers: (a–c) probes of d‐CAIS systems, (d) probe of r‐CAIS system.

Figure 9

A typical semi‐autonomous CAIS robot. Portable trolley harboring the main processor, with mounted robotic servo and control system, with the mounted robotic arm and actuator (left), optical 3D spatial positioning system, and mounted display (right). (Photo courtesy YakeBot [Beijing] Technology Co. Ltd.).

Figure 10

A typical dynamic‐CAIS system, including a portable trolley harboring the main processor, with mounted optical 3D spatial positioning system and display. (Photo courtesy DCarer, Suzhu Digital Health‐care Co. Ltd.).