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. 2025 Jul 15;131(14):e35911.
doi: 10.1002/cncr.35911.

Body mass index and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women with and without cardiometabolic diseases: Findings from two prospective cohort studies in Europe

Emma Fontvieille  1 , Anna Jansana  1 , Laia Peruchet-Noray  1   2 , Reynalda Córdova  3 , Quan Gan  1 , Sabina Rinaldi  1 , Laure Dossus  1 , Yahya Mahamat-Saleh  1 , Marc J Gunter  1   4 , Alicia Heath  4 , Dagfinn Aune  4 , Elif Inan-Eroglu  5 , Matthias B Schulze  5   6 , Niels Bock  7 , Christina C Dahm  7 , Carlota Castro-Espin  8   9 , Maria-José Sánchez  10   11   12 , Aurora Perez-Cornago  13 , Sandar Tin Tin  13 , Sabina Sieri  14 , Vittorio Simeon  15 , Fulvio Ricceri  16 , Rosario Tumino  17 , N Charlotte Onland-Moret  18 , Yvonne Koop  18   19 , Pietro Ferrari  1 , Heinz Freisling  1
Affiliations

Body mass index and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women with and without cardiometabolic diseases: Findings from two prospective cohort studies in Europe

Emma Fontvieille et al. Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Adiposity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. However, whether the association of BMI with breast cancer risk differs among women with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is uncertain.

Methods: This study used individual participant data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank (UKB) that included 168,547 postmenopausal women who were free of cancer, T2D, and CVD at recruitment. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multivariable-adjusted Cox regression for associations between BMI and incident breast cancer by T2D and CVD status. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years and rate differences between observed and expected joint associations of adiposity and CVD or T2D for breast cancer were estimated. Study-specific estimates were meta-analyzed.

Results: After a median follow-up of 10.7 years in EPIC and 10.9 years in UKB, 6793 postmenopausal women developed breast cancer. In the meta-analysis of both cohorts, BMI (per 1-SD increment, 5 kg/m2) was more strongly associated with breast cancer risk in women with CVD (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.47) than in women without CVD (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.16) (pinteraction = .02). T2D did not modify breast cancer risk (pinteraction = .33). The meta-analyzed joint association of overweight or obesity (BMI, ≥25 kg/m2) and CVD led to 1.53 (95% CI, 0.35 to 2.71) more cases of breast cancer per 1000 person-years than expected but no such joint association was observed with T2D.

Conclusions: Adiposity-associated risk of breast cancer was substantially higher among women with CVD as compared to those without CVD.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; comorbidities; multimorbidity; obesity; postmenopausal breast cancer; type 2 diabetes.

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