Drug Coverage Policies And Clinical Guidelines Alignment: Most Coverage Decisions Include Additional Restrictions

Abstract

Utilization management criteria influence patients' access to specialty drugs, yet the processes used by health plans to establish these criteria are not well understood. This study examined the alignment between clinical practice guidelines and plans' utilization management criteria. Using the Tufts Medicine Specialty Drug Evidence and Coverage Database (December 2023), we reviewed US-based guidelines for 389 drug-indication pairs, excluding oncology and biosimilar treatments. We categorized guidelines as recommending or not recommending utilization management, based on alignment with each drug's Food and Drug Administration label-specifically, line of therapy and clinical requirements (for example, disease severity). We analyzed 5,699 coverage policies from eighteen large commercial health plans. When guidelines recommended utilization management, 67 percent of plans' coverage decisions aligned with the recommendation; when guidelines did not recommend utilization management, only 37 percent of decisions were consistent. Most plans imposed utilization management criteria (61 percent of all decisions), and plans were more likely to be consistent with guideline recommendations when utilization management was recommended, indicating a weak alignment with guideline recommendations.