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Review
. 2025 Aug 5;138(15):1769-1782.
doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003689. Epub 2025 Jul 9.

Artificial intelligence in prostate cancer

Wei Li  1 , Ruoyu Hu  1 , Quan Zhang  1 , Zhangsheng Yu  2   3 , Longxin Deng  4 , Xinhao Zhu  1 , Yujia Xia  2 , Zijian Song  1 , Alessia Cimadamore  5 , Fei Chen  6 , Antonio Lopez-Beltran  7 , Rodolfo Montironi  8 , Liang Cheng  9 , Rui Chen  1
Affiliations
Review

Artificial intelligence in prostate cancer

Wei Li et al. Chin Med J (Engl). .

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men worldwide. Early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa play a crucial role in improving patients' survival rates. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the utilization of deep learning (DL) algorithms, has brought about substantial progress in assisting the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa. The introduction of the foundation model has revolutionized the application of AI in medical treatment and facilitated its integration into clinical practice. This review emphasizes the clinical application of AI in PCa by discussing recent advancements from both pathological and imaging perspectives. Furthermore, it explores the current challenges faced by AI in clinical applications while also considering future developments, aiming to provide a valuable point of reference for the integration of AI and clinical applications.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Foundation model; Imaging; Pathology; Prostate cancer; Whole-slide image.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical application of AI in PCa. AI: Artificial intelligence; PCa: Prostate cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A prospective schematic layout of using foundation models for various downstream tasks. AI: Artificial intelligence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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