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Editorial
. 2025 Mar 28:25:525-533.
doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2025.03.015. eCollection 2025 Jun.

Research and academic development during cardiothoracic surgery training

Chi Chi Do-Nguyen  1 , Justin Robinson  2 , Eliza Hompe  3 , Adishesh Narahari  4 , Sameer Hirji  5 , Gorav Ailawadi  1 , Irbaz Hameed  6
Affiliations
Editorial

Research and academic development during cardiothoracic surgery training

Chi Chi Do-Nguyen et al. JTCVS Open. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors reported no conflicts of interest. The Journal policy requires editors and reviewers to disclose conflicts of interest and to decline handling or reviewing manuscripts for which they may have a conflict of interest. The editors and reviewers of this article have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

None
Academic development opportunities during cardiothoracic surgery training are invaluable.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Types of research and academic development endeavors. There are various opportunities for research, advanced degrees, or clinical fellowship training during dedicated academic development time in cardiothoracic surgery residency. The different categories include but are not limited to laboratory-based research, nonlaboratory research, nonclinical research fellowships, clinical fellowships, and postgraduate degree programs.
Figure E1
Figure E1
Cardiothoracic surgery training pathways. There are 3 common training pathways for cardiothoracic surgery, which include the traditional, fast-track, and integrated pathways. The traditional and fast-track pathways involve general surgery training followed by dedicated cardiothoracic surgery fellowship time. Dedicated research time (additional 0-2 years) is pursued during general surgery training in these pathways. The integrated pathway is focused on cardiothoracic surgery training, and some programs offer the option of up to 2 or 3 additional dedicated research years.,
Figure E2
Figure E2
Funding options by career phase. At the clinical residency level, the most common grant applications are to the Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional NRSA (T32) and Ruth L. Kirschstein Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32). These awards provide opportunities to acquire formalized research training to lead productive, independent investigative careers and the skills necessary to apply for future career development (K) and research education (R) grants.
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References

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    1. Juarez-Casso F.M., Castro-Varela A., Nguyen A., et al. Having a successful dedicated research time in cardiothoracic surgery. JTCVS Open. 2023;15:355–358. - PMC - PubMed
    1. American College of Surgeons Surgical Education and Simulation Research Fellowship Positions at AEI-Accredited Fellowship Programs. American College of Surgeons. https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/education/programs/accred...
    1. TSDA CT surgery training pathways. TSDA. https://tsda.org/the-tsda/ct-residency-programs/ct-surgery-training-path...
    1. Ahmed A., Treffalls J.A., Best C., et al. Pathway to cardiothoracic surgery: a primer for aspiring students. JTCVS Open. 2024;20:112–122. - PMC - PubMed

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