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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 May 2;25(1):382-394.
doi: 10.18295/2075-0528.2848.

Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nasiba Al Maqrashi  1 , Salim Al Busaidi  2 , Sara Al-Rasbi  2 , Abdullah M Al Alawi  1   2 , Juhaina S Al-Maqbali  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nasiba Al Maqrashi et al. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. .

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus through a meta-analysis of 23 randomised controlled trials involving 1,345 participants. Mg supplementation significantly increased serum Mg levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.06) and reduced fasting blood glucose levels (WMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.28). However, the impact on glycated haemoglobin was minimal (WMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.00). Subgroup analysis showed a greater reduction in glycated haemoglobin among participants aged ≥65 years and those receiving longer durations of supplementation. Additionally, Mg supplementation was linked to lower diastolic blood pressure and potential improvements in lipid profile. This review highlights the importance of considering patient characteristics, dosage and intervention duration in future research on Mg supplementation for glycaemic control in diabetes.

Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus; Glycated Haemoglobin; Lipids; Magnesium; Randomised Controlled Trial as Topic; Review.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Forest plot for the impact of magnesium supplements on serum magnesium concentration (n = 19).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
A: Forest plot showing the impact of magnesium supplements on fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n = 20). B: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium elemental dose in mg/day on FBG. C: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium treatment duration in months on FBG. D: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium formulation (organic, inorganic and mixed) on FBG.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Forest plot showing the impact of magnesium supplements on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in % (n = 16) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A: Forest plot showing the impact of magnesium supplements on HbA1C in % (n = 20). B: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium elemental dose in mg/day on HbA1C in %. C: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium treatment duration in months on HbA1C in %. D: Forest plot showing the cumulative impact of magnesium formulation (organic, inorganic and mixed) on HbA1C in %.
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