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. 2025 Jul 9;10(8):683-686.
doi: 10.1080/23802359.2025.2528572. eCollection 2025.

The complete chloroplast genome of Cyrtosia nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay and its phylogenetic analysis

Ding-Xiang Yu  1 , Hai He  2
Affiliations

The complete chloroplast genome of Cyrtosia nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay and its phylogenetic analysis

Ding-Xiang Yu et al. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. .

Abstract

Cyrtosia nana is a mycotrophic orchid distributed in southwestern China and Thailand. Here, we sequenced and assembled its complete chloroplast (cp) genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and established a robust phylogenetic framework, providing a foundation for further studies on evolution of related taxa. The complete chloroplast genome was 85,766 bp, including a pair of inverted repeat regions (12,999 bp), a small single-copy region (14,744 bp), and a large single-copy region (45,024 bp). It encodes 47 unique genes, including 28 protein-coding genes, 16 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. nana was closely related to C. lindleyana and C. septentrionalis.

Keywords: Cyrtosia nana; chloroplast genome; mycotrophic; phylogeny.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Field picture of Cyrtosia nana, the photo taken by Ding-Xiang Yu. C. nana grows under the moist forest of China cedar (Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis). Plants small, ± fleshy. Rhizome short, stout. Stem erect, yellowish white, slightly tinged with red, 10–22 cm tall. Flowers pale yellow, lip with orange-red longitudinal stripes.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Chloroplast genome map of Cyrtosia nana. The map was generated by CPGView. Genes with different functions are shown in different colors. Genes within circles are transcribed clockwise and genes outside circles are transcribed counterclockwise. LSC: large single-copy region; SSC: small single-copy region; IR: inverted repeat.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The ML phylogenetic tree for Cyrtosia nana based on 13 cp genomes in Orchidaceae. The accession numbers of used sequences follow the species names, and the newly sequenced genome is shown in red font. Sequences used for tree construction were as follows: Apostasia wallichii, NC_036260 (Niu, Pan, et al. 2017); Pogonia minor, MN200372 (Kim et al. 2020); P. japonica, MN200371 (Kim et al. 2020); Lecanorchis japonica, MN200364 (Kim et al. 2020); L. kiusiana, MN200363 (Kim et al. 2020); Cyrtosia septentrionalis, MH615835 (Kim et al. 2019); C. lindleyana, OP537260 (Zhou et al. 2023); Vanilla planifolia, MN200375 (Kim et al. 2020); V. madagascariensis, MN200374 (Kim et al. 2020); V. pompona, NC_036809 (Amiryousefi et al. 2017); V. aphylla, NC_035320 (Niu, Xue, et al. 2017); V. somae, OQ686968 (Divakaran and Rafieah 2021).
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