Correction: Ye et al. The Mechanisms of lncRNA-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and the Clinical Application Prospects of lncRNAs in Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 2101

Abstract

In the original publication [...].

Figure 4

Summary of the steps involved in autophagy (lncRNA H19 and ROR are used as examples for clarifying the mechanism). Autophagy is initiated by the stepwise engulfment of cellular materials by the phagophore, which sequesters materials in double-membraned vesicles known as autophagosomes [75]: (a) When mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is inhibited, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) isolates from the ULK1 complex. The first step of vesicle nucleation is activating Vps34, a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), to produce phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (b) A part of the vesicle elongation process is to bind phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3. (c) The formation of autophagosomes is completed after closure of the phagophore double membrane, and then autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the contents.

Figure 7

Scheme of the proposed mechanism related to Linc00969 in trastuzumab-resistant breast cells. Linc00969 induces trastuzumab resistance by binding to the HUR protein and promoting the translation of ERBB2 mRNA. In addition, extracellular Linc00969 from trastuzumab-resistant cells was packaged into exosomes and disseminated trastuzumab resistance in trastuzumab-sensitive cells [137]. ILVs, intraluminal vesicles; MVBs, multivesicular bodies; HUR, Hu antigen R.

Figure 8

Brief sketch map of our conclusions in this review: (a) A certain lncRNA regulates chemoresistance in a subtype of BC cell via various signaling pathways; (b) a certain lncRNA induces different subtypes of BC cells to resist chemotherapeutic agents via the same signaling pathway; (c) a certain subtype of BC cell is regulated by various lncRNAs via the same signaling pathway; (d) the lncRNAs UCA1, ROR, and GAS5 are used as examples to provide a further detailed explanation.