Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening Protocol as a Tool for Assessment of Orofacial Dysfunction in Pediatric and Adult Patients

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) is a versatile tool used for the assessment of orofacial function. The aim of this study was to introduce the Polish version of the NOT-S along with the results of its cultural adaptation. Methods: The original NOT-S was validated into the Polish language in accordance with the current questionnaire translation standards, including the cultural adaptation, which consisted of an examination of Polish society. The pilot study, as a cultural adaptation, was carried out among fifty people between the ages of 3 and 34 (Mean-15.8, SD-8.9). Results: During the translation, three word discrepancies were noted, and also many linguistic equivalences, such as semantic, empirical, conceptual, and other differences, were reported. The average total NOT-S score during cultural adaptation was 1.62 (SD 1.16; Range 0-5). Abnormalities in section III, i.e., habits (78%), were found most frequently in the subjects. A thorough data analysis showed statistically significant results in section IV of the interview, i.e., chewing and swallowing (p = 0.00073), and also significant results in section 3 of the examination, i.e., facial expression (p = 0.00006). Conclusions: The Polish version of the NOT-S is linguistically comprehensible and culturally equivalent, and can be used for the examination of children, adolescents, and adults. The findings of this study indicate that orofacial function screening is advisable in the healthy population.

Keywords: diagnostics; malocclusion; masticatory function; multidisciplinary cooperation; musculoskeletal diseases; oral health; screening.