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. 2025 Jun 30;13(13):1563.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare13131563.

Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in terms of Oral Care Provided to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Susana Beatriz Esparza Loredo  1   2 , Guadalupe Silvia García De la Torre  3 , María Del Carmen Villanueva Vilchis  1 , Saray Aranda Romo  4 , Fátima Del Carmen Aguilar Díaz  1
Affiliations

Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in terms of Oral Care Provided to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Susana Beatriz Esparza Loredo et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit similar food-related behaviors, such as excessive sugar consumption, and sensory processing difficulties, which can hinder oral hygiene routines like toothbrushing and increase the risk of cavities or gum problems. Therefore, caregiver involvement in maintaining oral health is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices reported by caregivers in terms of oral care provided to children diagnosed with ASD between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the participants comprised 72 caregivers of children with ASD enrolled in four therapeutic centers in SLP, Mexico. Data on caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and care in terms of oral health, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, were collected through a structured and self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the caregivers, 85% were women, and 86% recognized sugar as a cariogenic and gingival bleeding as a sign of inflammation. Despite this, over 60% reported frequent sugar consumption, 65.4% supervised toothbrushing, and floss use was minimal. More than half showed high self-efficacy, which correlated with more frequent supervised or autonomous toothbrushing. Caregivers involved in homecare brushed their children's teeth more often. Correct knowledge of brushing frequency was associated with actual toothbrushing practices (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study highlights a notable gap between caregivers' knowledge and oral care practices in terms of children with ASD.

Keywords: autism; autism spectrum disorder; autistic disorder; caregivers; characteristics; knowledge; oral care; parents; practice; sex.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Caregivers’ perceptions of self-efficacy in managing ASD children’s oral care based on Likert scale. S.L.P., S.L.P. 2023, n = 72.
Figure A2
Figure A2
Caregivers’ difficulties or concerns of ASD children’s oral care based on Likert scale, S.L.P., S.L.P. 2023, n = 72.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Caregivers’ attitudes toward oral health in children with ASD. S.L.P., S.L.P. 2023, n = 72.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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