Synthetic biology for space exploration

Abstract

Human space exploration faces different challenges. Topics like Bioregenerative Life Support Systems, In Situ Resource Utilization, and radiation protection, still require for more suitable solutions to be applied in long-term space exploration. Synthetic biology could be a powerful tool for enabling human exploration of space and planets. This paper explores key topics including resource utilization, life support systems, radiation protection, and human health, providing recommendations for short-, mid-, and long-term advancements in space exploration.

Fig. 1. Key space synthetic biology topics.

As identified in the 2023 ESA SciSpace Science Community WhitePaper, key space synthetic biology topics, are (A) In situ resource utilization for human outpost on Mars and Moon, (B) Bio-regenerative life support and foodproduction, (C) Radiation and stress protection and (D) Human healt.

Fig. 2. Illustrative guide to the four key topics of future human outposts on the Moon and on Mars that can be addressed by synthetic biology.

By efficient use of local extraterrestrial resources and promotion of a more sustainable supply chain, synthetic biology can contribute significantly to human space exploration missions. This is done through incorporating the extraction, processing, and production of raw materials into consumables (A), enhancing recycling ranging from food production to waste management within life support systems (B), supporting radiation and stress protection strategies by producing stable biomolecules to mitigate harmful biological effects within life support systems (C), and engineering customized therapies, nutraceuticals, and biosensors to bolster astronauts’ health (D). CREDIT: Midjourney software.

Fig. 3. Timetable of future human space explorations.

Illustrating how synthetic biology can be applied to support space exploration indeep space and beyond (BLEO Beyond Low Earth Orbit).