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. 2025 Jun 6:16:223.
doi: 10.25259/SNI_85_2025. eCollection 2025.

A national survey of on-call responsibilities and night float systems at neurological surgery residency programs

Mustafa Motiwala  1 , Nicholas Behymer  2 , Kara A Parikh  1 , Emal Lesha  1 , David Griffin Laird  2 , Deke Blum  1 , Barrett Schwartz  1 , L Madison Michael Ii  3 , Nickalus R Khan  3 , Paul Klimo Jr  3 , William Mangham  4
Affiliations

A national survey of on-call responsibilities and night float systems at neurological surgery residency programs

Mustafa Motiwala et al. Surg Neurol Int. .

Abstract

Background: In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education instituted work-hour requirements for residents, and since that time, the response from the academic neurosurgical community has been varied. To meet these requirements, some neurosurgical training programs have implemented night float systems, but the scope of these changes remains undefined.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey of neurosurgical residency training programs to evaluate the on-call structure and responsibilities of neurosurgery residents to elucidate a better understanding of the demands faced by trainees and programs alike.

Results: Seventy-four neurosurgery residency training programs (67.28%) comprising 1,107 residents were represented in our data; 23 (31.08%) of these programs reported having a night float system. Compared to programs with a traditional call system, those with a night float system had a significantly higher number of residents (17.74 vs. 13.71; P = 0.0079) and covered a significantly greater number of hospitals on call (3.07 vs. 2.21; P = 0.0150). There was no significant difference in the presence of a night float system between programs with advanced practice provider support on call (P = 0.177), Level I trauma center coverage (P = 1.000), and pediatric hospital coverage (P = 0.507).

Conclusion: Across the country, larger neurosurgical training programs with greater hospital demands have more readily adopted night float systems. The integration of advanced practice providers to enhance resident education and ensure the continuity of care emerges as a prominent trend that programs are utilizing to adapt to a changing healthcare landscape.

Keywords: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; Duty hours; Neurosurgery; Night float; On call; Survey.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Survey instrument sent to residency programs.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
(a) Distribution of call frequency during residency for all programs. (b) Distribution of call frequency during residency for night float programs. (c) Distribution of call frequency during residency for traditional call programs.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
(a) Number of residents per program by the presence of a night float system. (b) Number of hospitals covered on call by the presence of a night float system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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