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. 2024 Dec 25;49(3):293-309.
doi: 10.55730/1300-0527.3730. eCollection 2025.

Enhanced and proficient chitosan membranes embedded with polyaniline-TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites for fuel-cell hydrogen storage

Mallikarjunagouda B Patil  1 , Shridhar N Mathad  2 , Arun Y Patil  3 , Abdulaziz Abdulah Al-Kheraif  4 , Sachin Naik  4 , Sajith Vellapally  4
Affiliations

Enhanced and proficient chitosan membranes embedded with polyaniline-TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites for fuel-cell hydrogen storage

Mallikarjunagouda B Patil et al. Turk J Chem. .

Abstract

This study investigates the preparation and properties of aniline polymerized in situ onto a nanosized TiO2 surface to form core-shell nanoparticles at ambient temperatures. The in situ polymerization of aniline to polyaniline (PANI), in conjunction with the utilization of an anionic surfactant, was employed in this investigation. The prepared PANI-TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were integrated with chitosan at a gravimetric ratio and cast as core-shell nanocomposite membranes. The nanocomposites were subjected to structural analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns. The surface morphologies of the PANI and its nanocomposites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Direct current conductivity studies revealed three discrete tiers of conductivity intrinsic to a semiconductor material. The nanocomposite, comprising a chitosan membrane embedded with 4 wt.% PANI-TiO2, demonstrated peak direct current conductivity of 5.7 S/cm. The properties of the core-shell nanocomposite membranes could be elucidated using cyclic voltammetry, a technique that allowed for the observation of redox peaks occurring at 0.94 V and 0.25 V. The presence of both peaks was due to the redox transition of the prepared nanocomposite membranes from a semiconducting to a conductive state. At room temperature, the hydrogen absorption capacity was approximately 4.5 wt.%, but when the temperature was raised to 65 °C, it doubled to about 7.5 wt.%. In comparison to other nanocomposites, the 4 wt.% PANI-TiO2 core-shell embedded chitosan membrane exhibited significantly higher absorption capacity of 10.5 wt.%.

Keywords: Metal oxide nanoparticles; core-shell; direct current conductivity; hydrogen storage; polyaniline.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR spectra of chitosan (a), TiO2 (b), PANI-coated TiO2 core-shell in chitosan nanocomposite membrane (c), and PANI (d).
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns of a standard sample (a), pristine TiO2 (b), and TiO2/PANI core-shell nanoparticles (1:1) (c).
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of (a) TiO2, (b) PANI, (c) 4 wt.% PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite, and (d) 6 wt.% PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histograms of particle size distribution of TiO2 and PANI-coated TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles.
Figure 5
Figure 5
BET analysis of TiO2 and PANI-coated TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pore size distribution of TiO2 and PANI-coated TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles.
Figure 7
Figure 7
DC conductivity of PANI and PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cyclic voltammograms of PANI and PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Impedance plots (Nyquist curves) for plain chitosan and 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.% membranes.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Hydrogen adsorption of PANI and PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Hydrogen desorption of PANI and PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites at 60 °C.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Hydrogen absorption/desorption profiles as a function of time.
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