Dispersive micro solid phase extraction of cadmium on MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO3 nanocomposite from seafood samples

Abstract

This study's main goal was to produce a user-friendly dispersive micro solid phase extraction (dmSPE) technique with a MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ nanocomposite for the extraction and preconcentration of cadmium (Cd) in various seafood matrices, followed by using high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-FAAS). The MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using a range of techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The dmSPE technique involved the dispersion of the MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ material in the sample solution, followed by its separation from the sample matrix. The optimized method exhibited a linear range of 3.6-250 μg L^-1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 μg L^-1, and a preconcentration factor of 80. Two different certified reference materials were used to ensure the validation of developed method. The method was applied to different seafood samples.

Keywords: Cadmium; micro solid phase extraction; nanocomposite; seafoods.

Figure 1

Characterization of the MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ nanocomposite: (a, b) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and (c, d) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) images illustrating the surface morphology and structural features of the nanocomposite; (e) Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra highlighting the functional groups and chemical bonding within the composite; (f) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra confirming the crystalline phases and structural integrity of the MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ nanocomposite.

Figure 2

(a–f). The results of the optimization studies (pH, adsorbent amount, HNO₃ concentration, adsorption time, desorption time and sample volume respectively). The dmSPE conditions were as follows: 40 mL sample solution containing Cd(II) (2.5 μg L⁻¹); pH 5.0; 0.5 mL of 1.5 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃; 30 mg of MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO₃ nanocomposite, n = 3.