A scoping review of nursing interventions of improving resilience among university students during online learning

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemic has caused a change in learning methods from offline to online. These changes lead to mental health problems to students when online learning. To overcome this problem, resilience is needed so that individuals can adapt to changes in learning methods during the covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this review is to explore nursing interventions for improving resilience among university students during online learning and get the research gap. This study uses the scoping review method. Data or literature were searched through CINAHL, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. The keywords used in literature searching are "resilience" AND "student OR undergraduate student" AND "online learning OR distance education". The criteria for articles in this study are full text, randomized control trial or quasi experiment research design, English language, population and samples of students, and the publication period of the last during and after covid-19 (2019-2025). The authors identified 14 articles discussing nursing interventions to improve resilience in university students during online learning. Five main types of interventions were identified: (1) resilience-based intervention programs, (2) mindfulness and yoga-based interventions, (3) positive psychology and journaling-based interventions, (4) social skills and problem-solving training, and (5) simulation-based and curricular interventions. These nursing interventions have been shown to significantly increase resilience, helping students adapt to the shift from offline to online learning. Additionally, the research revealed several gaps, including a lack of consensus on the optimal duration of interventions, limited diversity in study populations (mainly focusing on university students), and insufficient exploration of multidisciplinary approaches combining different therapeutic methods. Resilience is an important aspect to increase students' resilience in facing academic pressure. Activities can be carried out online or offline by considering the client's condition holistically.

Keywords: Online learning; Resilience; Students.

Fig. 1

PRISMA flow diagram