Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Dec 31:10:e2025.345307.1583.
doi: 10.22034/cmm.2025.345307.1583. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence, associated factors and etiologic agents of oral candidiasis among HIV-positive patients in a Vietnamese general hospital

Hoang Dinh Canh  1 , Ngu Thi Tham  1   2 , Que Anh Tram  3 , Cao Ba Loi  4 , Le Tran-Anh  5
Affiliations

Prevalence, associated factors and etiologic agents of oral candidiasis among HIV-positive patients in a Vietnamese general hospital

Hoang Dinh Canh et al. Curr Med Mycol. .

Abstract

Background and purpose: Oral candidiasis (OC) is a common condition in HIV-infected individuals. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, associated factors, and causative agents of OC among HIV-infected patients in a general hospital in Vietnam.

Materials and methods: The study involved 393 HIV-infected individuals treated at The Tropical Diseases Center, Nghe An General Friendship Hospital, Vinh, Nghe An, Vietnam from January 2022 to May 2024. The sample collected from the buccal mucosa was seeded onto CHROMagarTM Candida to isolate and identify the causative yeasts. Molecular identification was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism assay using MspI restriction enzyme and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.

Results: The prevalence of OC was 10.7% (95% confidence interval 7.6 - 13.8). Patients with late WHO HIV clinical stage, poorer hygienic condition, or use of prosthetic were at a higher risk of OC. Ten yeast species were isolated, and 10 (23.8%) patients carried more than one type of yeast species. Out of 54 obtained isolates, Candida albicans comprised the most (62.9% isolates and 80.9% patients), followed by C. tropicalis (16.4% and 21.4% respectively). Overall, 27 patients (64.3%) were infected with C. albicans, and 15 patients (35.7%) were infected with non- albicans Candida, alone or in combination with C. albicans.

Conclusion: The prevalence of OC in HIV-infected patients was low and associated with both systemic and local factors. C. albicans was still the most common species but non- albicans Candida or coexistence of Candida species is frequent.

Keywords: HIV; Oral candidiasis; RFLP; Vietnam.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Authors of the present study declare no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. WHO. HIV and AIDS. 2024
    1. Dasgupta A, Wahed A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis testing. Clinical Chemistry, Immunology and Laboratory Quality Control. Elsevier; 2021. pp. 513–33.
    1. Louie JK, Chi NH, Thao LTT, Quang VM, Campbell J, Chau NVV, et al. Opportunistic infections in hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. Int J STD AIDS. 2004;15(11):758–61. - PubMed
    1. Sharma G, Oberoi S, Vohra P, Nagpal A. Oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Asia: Systematic review and future research guidelines. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015; 7(3):e419–27. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nanteza M, Tusiime JB, Kalyango J, Kasangaki A. Association between oral candidiasis and low CD4+ count among HIV positive patients in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):143. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources