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. 2025 Jul 16.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36745-1. Online ahead of print.

Impact of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle addition in chia seed oil methyl ester used to fuel a diesel engine at different injection pressures

Manjunatha Swamy Kumathi Math  1 , Manjunath Huruli  2
Affiliations

Impact of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle addition in chia seed oil methyl ester used to fuel a diesel engine at different injection pressures

Manjunatha Swamy Kumathi Math et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. .

Abstract

This research investigates the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles and injection pressures on behavior of diesel engine fuelled with chia seed oil methyl ester. Fuel injection pressure plays a major role in improving the emissions and performance characteristics. The biodiesel blend was made with chia seed oil methyl ester (20%) blended with diesel fuel (80%) named as CSME20. The Al2O3 nanoparticles of 50 mg/l concentration were added to this blend termed as CSME20Al50, and later the engine test was assessed with different injection pressures of 210 and 230 bar. Experiments were conducted with different fuel injection pressures while maintaining a constant 1500 rpm speed. The obtained outcomes indicated that the increased injection pressure associated with Al2O3 nanoparticle blending enhanced the engine combustion behavior, e.g., it led to increased cylinder pressure and an increased cumulative heat release rate. The best performance was found at an injection pressure of 230 bar. The concentration of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke declined with increased injection pressure with Al2O3 addition. Reduction of carbon monoxide by 4.56%, hydrocarbon by 5.45%, and smoke by 3.62%, but a small increase in NOx by 3.08%, along with enhancement of brake thermal efficiency by 1.30%, were noticed at full load at 230 bar of injection pressure. According to the test findings, it is concluded that an improvement in engine performance and a decline in exhaust emissions can be achieved in a compression ignition engine by operating at 230 bar of injection pressure with Al2O3 nanoparticles as additives. Further scope of the current research work is to study the impact of different metal-based nanoparticles with chai seed methyl ester on CI engine behavior, the detailed combustion of nanoparticle-blended CSME, and nanoparticle-doped CSME on engine corrosion and wear.

Keywords: Al2O3 nanoparticle; CI engine; CSME; Cumulative heat release; Injection pressure; Performance.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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