Risk Factor Control in U.S. Adults With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Multimorbidity, 1999-2020
- PMID: 40669960
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.052
Risk Factor Control in U.S. Adults With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Multimorbidity, 1999-2020
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; diabetes; epidemiology; risk factors.
Conflict of interest statement
Funding Support and Author Disclosures The study was supported and funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. The authors did not receive payment related to the development of the manuscript. Boehringer Ingelheim was given the opportunity to review the manuscript for medical and scientific accuracy as well as intellectual property considerations. Data analyses guided by the academic authors were performed by Medicus Economics, with support from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Dr Ostrominski has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health (5T32HL007604-39 and L30HL175757). Dr Hirsch has served on advisory boards with Boehringer Ingelheim. Drs Miao, Clark, and Donato are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Dr Parrinello has received consulting fees from Medicus Economics, Evidation Health, TTi Health Research and Economics, Canopy Care, Collective Acumen, Flatiron Health, EQRx, Clue by Biowink, Omada Health, Outcomes4Me, Plinth, IQ Solutions, Pomelo Care, and Jazz Pharmaceuticals; and has stock in Roche. Drs Woolley and O’Connell are employees of Medicus Economics, a consultancy that has received consulting fees from biopharmaceutical clients. Dr Vaduganathan has received research grant support, served on advisory boards, or had speaker engagements with American Regent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Baxter Healthcare, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cytokinetics, Esperion, Fresenius Medical Care, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Milestone Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos, Relypsa, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Tricog Health; and participates on clinical trial committees for studies sponsored by Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galmed, Novartis, Bayer AG, Occlutech, Pharmacosmos, and Impulse Dynamics.
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