Initial observations on the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following pilot screening for type 1 diabetes in the general Italian population

Valentino Cherubini¹, Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza², Umberto Agrimi³, Riccardo Bonfanti⁴, Emanuele Bosi^{5

6}, Antonio D'Avino⁷, Dario Iafusco⁸, Marco Marigliano^{9

10}, Enza Mozzillo¹¹, Flavia Pricci¹², Ivana Rabbone¹³, Carlo Ripoli¹⁴, Marco Silano¹², Francesca Ulivi¹⁵, Olimpia Vincentini³, Rosaria Gesuita^{16

17}; Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology:
Maria Susanna Coccioli, Claudia Albino, Piera Buscarino, Giulia Bracciolini, Valentino Cherubini, Antonio Iannilli, Sara Santarelli, Valentina Tiberi, Antonella Lonero, Elvira Piccinno, Andrea Scozzarella, Giulio Maltoni, Petra Reinstadler, Barbara Felappi, Alba Pilotta, Carlo Ripoli, Maria Rossella Ricciardi, Alfonso La Loggia, Marilena Travagliante, Giuliana Marcella Cardinale, Mena Pascarella, Felice Cetriniti, Maria Benedetta Rodio, Federica Filosco, Donatella Lo Presti, Salvatore Scirè Calabrisotto, Letizia Tomaselli, Fiorella De Berardinis, Elisa Santoro, Sara Monti, Benedetta Vestrucci, Francesco Chiarelli, Cosimo Giannini, Sara Prosperi, Stefano Tumini, Francesca Giffoni, Maria Zampolli, Rosaria De Marco, Marianna Neri, Elena Calzi, Claudio Cavalli, Andrea Scaramuzza, Nicola Lazzaro, Maria Teresa Spinelli, Valeria De Donno, Federica Gallarotti, Anna Giulia Lambertini, Alessandra Lumaca, Lorenzo Lenzi, Sonia Toni, Mirella Scipione, Marta Bassi, Nicola Minuto, Maurizio Delvecchio, Luca Zagaroli, Chiara Piacitelli, Mariateresa Sanseviero, Patrizia Macellaro, Daniele Spiri, Rosanna Lia, Elena Mazzali, Silvia Sordelli, Bruno Bombaci, Fortunato Lombardo, Riccardo Bonfanti, Andrea Rigamonti, Giulio Frontino, Valeria Favalli, Francesca Arrigoni, Barbara Predieri, Sara Vandelli, Alberto Casertano, Francesca Di Candia, Dario Iafusco, Giorgia Ippolito, Enza Mozzillo, Angela Zanfardino, Erica Pozzi, Ivana Rabbone, Gavina Piredda, Francesca Cardella, Rosalia Roppolo, Pietro Lazzeroni, Brunella Iovane, Carmelo Pistone, Anna Favia, Sara Dal Bo, Vanna Graziani, Anna Lasagni, Maria Elisa Amodeo, Riccardo Schiaffini, Rosanna Savini, Irene Rutigliano, Miriana Guarino, Maurizio Schiavone, Luisa De Sanctis, Davide Tinti, Lucia Paola Guerraggio, Roberto Franceschi, Nadia Quaglia, Anna Corò, Stefania Innaurato, Chiara Stefano, Elena Faleschini, Gianluca Tornese, Gianluca Musolino, Letizia Sardella, Claudio Maffeis, Marco Marigliano, Anita Morandi, Elena Fornari, Francesca Olivieri, Claudia Piona, Valentina Mancioppi, Elisa Morotti, Claudia Arnaldi

Affiliations

¹ Department of Women's and Children's Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, G. Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
² Division of Pediatrics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, ASST Cremona, "Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona", Cremona, Italy.
³ Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁵ Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), Naples, Italy.
⁸ Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
⁹ Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹⁰ Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
¹² Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
¹³ Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Area, Pediatric Diabetology Unit, ASL n. 8, Cagliari, Italy.
¹⁵ Fondazione Italiana Diabete (FID), Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
¹⁷ IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.

PMID: 40671622
PMCID: PMC12409235
DOI: 10.1111/dom.16611

Initial observations on the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following pilot screening for type 1 diabetes in the general Italian population

Valentino Cherubini et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Oct.

. 2025 Oct;27(10):6039-6043.

doi: 10.1111/dom.16611. Epub 2025 Jul 17.

Authors

Collaborators

Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology:
Maria Susanna Coccioli, Claudia Albino, Piera Buscarino, Giulia Bracciolini, Valentino Cherubini, Antonio Iannilli, Sara Santarelli, Valentina Tiberi, Antonella Lonero, Elvira Piccinno, Andrea Scozzarella, Giulio Maltoni, Petra Reinstadler, Barbara Felappi, Alba Pilotta, Carlo Ripoli, Maria Rossella Ricciardi, Alfonso La Loggia, Marilena Travagliante, Giuliana Marcella Cardinale, Mena Pascarella, Felice Cetriniti, Maria Benedetta Rodio, Federica Filosco, Donatella Lo Presti, Salvatore Scirè Calabrisotto, Letizia Tomaselli, Fiorella De Berardinis, Elisa Santoro, Sara Monti, Benedetta Vestrucci, Francesco Chiarelli, Cosimo Giannini, Sara Prosperi, Stefano Tumini, Francesca Giffoni, Maria Zampolli, Rosaria De Marco, Marianna Neri, Elena Calzi, Claudio Cavalli, Andrea Scaramuzza, Nicola Lazzaro, Maria Teresa Spinelli, Valeria De Donno, Federica Gallarotti, Anna Giulia Lambertini, Alessandra Lumaca, Lorenzo Lenzi, Sonia Toni, Mirella Scipione, Marta Bassi, Nicola Minuto, Maurizio Delvecchio, Luca Zagaroli, Chiara Piacitelli, Mariateresa Sanseviero, Patrizia Macellaro, Daniele Spiri, Rosanna Lia, Elena Mazzali, Silvia Sordelli, Bruno Bombaci, Fortunato Lombardo, Riccardo Bonfanti, Andrea Rigamonti, Giulio Frontino, Valeria Favalli, Francesca Arrigoni, Barbara Predieri, Sara Vandelli, Alberto Casertano, Francesca Di Candia, Dario Iafusco, Giorgia Ippolito, Enza Mozzillo, Angela Zanfardino, Erica Pozzi, Ivana Rabbone, Gavina Piredda, Francesca Cardella, Rosalia Roppolo, Pietro Lazzeroni, Brunella Iovane, Carmelo Pistone, Anna Favia, Sara Dal Bo, Vanna Graziani, Anna Lasagni, Maria Elisa Amodeo, Riccardo Schiaffini, Rosanna Savini, Irene Rutigliano, Miriana Guarino, Maurizio Schiavone, Luisa De Sanctis, Davide Tinti, Lucia Paola Guerraggio, Roberto Franceschi, Nadia Quaglia, Anna Corò, Stefania Innaurato, Chiara Stefano, Elena Faleschini, Gianluca Tornese, Gianluca Musolino, Letizia Sardella, Claudio Maffeis, Marco Marigliano, Anita Morandi, Elena Fornari, Francesca Olivieri, Claudia Piona, Valentina Mancioppi, Elisa Morotti, Claudia Arnaldi

Affiliations

¹ Department of Women's and Children's Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, G. Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
² Division of Pediatrics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, ASST Cremona, "Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona", Cremona, Italy.
³ Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁵ Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), Naples, Italy.
⁸ Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
⁹ Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹⁰ Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
¹² Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
¹³ Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Area, Pediatric Diabetology Unit, ASL n. 8, Cagliari, Italy.
¹⁵ Fondazione Italiana Diabete (FID), Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
¹⁷ IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.

PMID: 40671622
PMCID: PMC12409235
DOI: 10.1111/dom.16611

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**FIGURE 1**
Factors associated with DKA or severe DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Results of multiple regression analysis.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Alonso GT, Coakley A, Pyle L, Manseau K, Thomas S, Rewers A. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Colorado children, 2010–2017. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):117‐121. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0428 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Usher‐Smith JA, Thompson MJ, Sharp SJ, Walter FM. Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review. BMJ. 2011;343:d4092. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4092 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cherubini V, Chiarelli F. Autoantibody test for type 1 diabetes in children: are there reasons to implement a screening program in the general population? A statement endorsed by the Italian Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP‐ISPED) and the Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP). Ital J Pediatr. 2023;49(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13052-023-01438-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cherubini V, Mozzillo E, Iafusco D, et al. Follow‐up and monitoring programme in children identified in early‐stage type 1 diabetes during screening in the general population of Italy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(10):4197‐4202. doi: 10.1111/dom.15779 - DOI - PubMed
1. Alonso GT, Reinauer C, Williams GM, et al. Regional deprivation and diabetic ketoacidosis at type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children and adolescents: international comparison among 6 countries. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;12‐18. doi: 10.1159/000543139 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Initial observations on the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following pilot screening for type 1 diabetes in the general Italian population

Collaborators

Affiliations

Initial observations on the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis following pilot screening for type 1 diabetes in the general Italian population

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources