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. 2025 Jun 15;17(6):4399-4408.
doi: 10.62347/DNIL9369. eCollection 2025.

Clostridium butyricum CGMCC 0313.1 improves clinical outcomes of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients

Libin Song  1 , Zhihua Zhang  1 , Wenyan Zheng  1 , Yiqi Wang  1 , Yingzi Zhang  1
Affiliations

Clostridium butyricum CGMCC 0313.1 improves clinical outcomes of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients

Libin Song et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

Objective: To primarily analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of Clostridium butyricum CGMCC 0313.1 (CB0313.1) in managing metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 100 schizophrenic patients with relatively stable conditions admitted were selected. Patients receiving CB0313.1 were assigned to the observation group (n=52), and the others undergoing lifestyle interventions without CB0313.1 were formed the control group (n=48). Additionally, changes in obesity indices, blood sugar (BS) data, lipid profiles, blood pressure (BP), oxidative stress markers, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, treatment efficacy, and quality of life were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of intervention.

Results: After the intervention, the observation group presented significantly greater improvements in oxidative stress reduction, and overall therapeutic efficacy compared to the control group. In addition, the observation group showed more pronounced reductions in obesity indices, BS levels, lipid profiles, BP, and PANSS scores. However, improvements in quality-of-life were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion: CB0313.1 helps enhance the clinical management of MS in schizophrenic patients.

Keywords: Clostridium butyricum CGMCC 0313.1 (CB0313.1); life-style intervention; metabolic syndrome; schizophrenia; therapeutic effect.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of obesity indices between the two groups before and after treatment. A. BMI: Body mass index; B. WC: Waist circumference. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of blood glucose indicators between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. FBS: Fasting blood sugar; B. 2hPBG: 2-hour postprandial blood glucose. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of lipid profiles between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. TG: Triglyceride; B. TC: Total cholesterol; C. LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; D. HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of blood pressure between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; B. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of oxidative stress indicators between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; B. T-SOD: Total superoxide dismutase; C. CAT: Catalase. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison of schizophrenia severity between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. Positive symptom scores; B. Negative symptom scores; C. General psychopathology scores. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention; #P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison of patient’s quality of life between the two groups before and after the treatment. A. Physical function; B. Psychological function; C. Social function. Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. before intervention.
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