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Review
. 2025 Aug;43(3):595-615.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2025.04.007. Epub 2025 Jun 12.

The Future of Pain Management

Pravarakhya Puppalla  1 , Tara Menon Pattilachan  1 , Rodrigo Salmeron de Toledo Aguiar  2 , Charles E Argoff  3 , Julie G Pilitsis  4
Affiliations
Review

The Future of Pain Management

Pravarakhya Puppalla et al. Neurol Clin. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

This article explores the complexities of pain management, highlighting the multidimensional nature of pain, which encompasses affective, cognitive, and sensory experiences. The study examines the future of acute and chronic pain management through a thorough review of 3424 articles, ultimately including 143 relevant studies. Key findings indicate progress in treatment algorithms, novel medications (such as ketamine, psychedelics, and cannabinoids), and innovative approaches like noninvasive neuromodulation techniques. The article aims to outline current practices and exciting future research avenues, emphasizing the significant potential for new interventions in addressing the diverse causes of pain.

Keywords: Acute pain; Chronic pain; Pain; Pain intervention; Pain management; Pain medication; Pain treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure Dr J.G. Pilitsis receives grant support from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, United States, Abbott, NIH2R01CA166379, NIH R01EB030324, and NIH U44NS115111. She is the medical advisor for Aim Medical Robotics and has stock equity. R. Salmeron de Toledo Aguiar received a fellowship grant from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Abbott. Dr C. Argoff is a consultant for XGene Pharma, Collegium Vertex, Nevro, Scilexnand receives grant support from Lilly, United States, AbbVie, United States, and Lundbeck, Denmark. He is also on the speaker’s bureau for Abbive, Scilex, Lundbeck, Averitas Impel Pharma. He has stock equity in Pfizer.