Antibacterial activity of a bioactive composite resins containing surface pre-reacted glass in a complex multispecies subgingival biofilm

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of three S-PRG composite resins on the microbial profile of subgingival multispecies biofilm. A 96-well cell plate was employed to cultivate a 39-species biofilm associated with periodontitis over 7 days. Cylindrical specimens with 2 mm high and 2 mm diameters were prepared of each bioactive tested group (Beautifil II, Beautifil LS, Beautifil Bulk-Shofu) and for a control non-bioactive group (Z350 XT-3M ESPE). Furthermore, these specimens were immersed in the well plate to allow biofilm formation, and after growing for 7 days, the formed biofilm was removed and composition evaluated. The metabolic biofilm activity was evaluated by colorimetric assay, and the microbial profile evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney tests to evaluate each bacteria counts and ANOVA followed by T test to evaluate the proportion among complexes groups. A statistically significant reduction was observed on the counts of biofilm bacterial specie: Streptococcus gordoni, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Campylobacter rectus, Campylobacter showae, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Tannerella forsythia, Neisseria mucosa, Selenomonas noxia and Streptococcus mutans for one or more bioactive composite resin compared to Z350XT (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the proportion of Yellow, Orange bacterial complexes, and others oral bacteria tested between the control and bioactive groups. Bioactive groups showed a statistically significant reduction in total counts of bacteria. The incorporation of S-PRG glass into the bioactive composite resin reduced periodontopathogenic biofilm growth.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Bioactivity; Biofilms; Composite resin; S-PRG filler.