Efficacy of Arthroscopic Surgery in the Management of Synovial Giant Cell Tumors: a Case Report

Abstract

Giant cell tumors of the synovial membrane are benign but locally aggressive lesions that primarily affect synovial joints. Histologically, they are characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells and prominent hemosiderin deposition. Clinically, patients often experience joint pain, swelling and restricted movement, which can significantly impact their mobility and quality of life. Traditionally, open surgical excision has been the standard approach for managing these tumors. However, advancements in minimally invasive techniques, particularly arthroscopic surgery, have emerged as effective alternatives. Arthroscopy offers several benefits, including reduced postoperative pain, quicker recovery and minimal surgical trauma, while still allowing for complete tumor removal. This article presents a case of a giant cell tumor of the synovial membrane in the knee of a female patient, highlighting the successful use of arthroscopic treatment and the favorable postoperative outcomes. By presenting this case, we aim to emphasize the growing role of arthroscopic intervention in managing these tumors, further supporting its integration into clinical practice.

FIGURE 1.

Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the left knee

FIGURE 2.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which the tumor is marked with red arrows: (A) sagittal view; (B) transverse view

FIGURE 3.

Arthroscopic visualization of the well-circumscribed intraarticular nodular mass

FIGURE 4.

Macroscopic appearance of the tumor (3 x 2 x 0.8 cm in size)

FIGURE 5.

Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at one-year follow-up showing no signs of tumor recurrence: (A) sagittal view; (B) transverse view