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. 2025 Jun 21:5:104299.
doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2025.104299. eCollection 2025.

Patient-reported challenges in spinal cord injury rehabilitation and integration within the community of a lower middle-income country: opportunities for changing lives

Rajani Mullerpatan  1 , Aamreen Ryain  1 , Neha Padia  1 , K R Salgotra  2
Affiliations

Patient-reported challenges in spinal cord injury rehabilitation and integration within the community of a lower middle-income country: opportunities for changing lives

Rajani Mullerpatan et al. Brain Spine. .

Abstract

Introduction: Rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) is improving in tertiary-healthcare settings of low-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, rehabilitation and integration within the community is yet a distant target.

Research question: What are the patients-reported challenges in rehabilitation and community-integration which open opportunities to change lives of individuals with SCI.

Material and methods: Clinical-records and interviews of 24 adults with SCI were examined to report socio-demographic information, functioning, disability, cost-of-care, health-related- quality-of-life and environmental-barriers.

Results: Fifty-percent individuals belonged to lower-middle socio-economic strata. Functioning independence (SCIM) was highest in indoor (9.0 ± 1.4); and least in outdoor-mobility (9.3 ± 4.0) 7.8yr after injury. Individuals from lower-income-strata had no access to indoor water(n = 5) and toilet(n = 8) facilities. WHO-QoL was lowest (39.5 ± 15.0) in environmental domain. Seventy-percent individuals employed before SCI, could not return to previous jobs. Post-injury, 8 were employed in alternate lesser paid jobs; whereas 16 were dependent on family. Cost-of-care was covered either by self(n = 1), government health-insurance (n = 1); private health-insurance (n = 3); employer (n = 5); NGO (n = 2), family (n = 12).

Discussion and conclusion: Patient-reported challenges in rehabilitation and community-integration of individuals with SCI, highlight gaps in access to basic amenities in houses, inaccessible transport and public spaces and financial-hardships caused by lack of coverage of rehabilitation costs and unemployment in the low socioeconomic strata despite numerous health policies and schemes. These challenges prompt urgent research in the health system and open opportunities for strategic-planning of context-specific, participatory, sustainable, climate-resilient measures to rebuild lives and facilitate respectful integration in society and alleviation of socio-economic burden of SCI.

Keywords: Accessible environment; Community; Employment; Health insurance; Rehabilitation; Return to work; Spinal cord injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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